psl300 cns 1-6 UPDATED ACTUAL and Correct Answers

psl300 cns 1-6 UPDATED ACTUAL and Correct Answers
Question: What is the fundamental language of the brain?
Answer:
Electricity

Question: How many special senses are focused on in this lecture?
Answer:
Five special senses: vision,
hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell.

Question: What are the four somatic senses mentioned?
Answer:
Touch, temperature, proprioception, and
nociception (pain and itch).

Question: What is transduction in the context of sensory systems?
Answer:
The conversion of stimuli
(e.g., light, sound) into electrical signals by receptor cells.

Question: What is an adequate stimulus?
Answer:
The form of energy to which a receptor cell is most responsive.

Question: What are the five major groups of sensory receptors?
Answer:
Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors.

Question: What does the law of specific nerve energies state?
Answer:
The specificity of a receptor for a
particular type of stimulus.

Question: What is the receptor threshold?
Answer:
The weakest stimulus that will cause a response in the receptor.

,Question: What is the perceptual threshold?
Answer:
The weakest stimulus that will cause a conscious perception
in the organism.

Question: What are the four stimulus properties that the brain must distinguish?
Answer:
Stimulus modality, intensity, duration, and location.

Question: How do sensory systems indicate modality?
Answer:
By labeled lines, where the modality is
revealed by which axons carry the signal.

Question: What is population coding of intensity?
Answer:
Representing stimulus intensity by the number of
active neurons.

Question: What is frequency coding?
Answer:
Representing stimulus intensity by the firing rate of individual neurons.

Question: What is the difference between phasic and tonic cells?
Answer:
Phasic cells respond briefly to
changes, while tonic cells maintain activity when the stimulus is constant.

Question: What do phasic-tonic cells do?
Answer:
React to changes but do not return to zero firing when the stimulus
is constant.

Question: What is an example of a phasic response in retinal cells?
Answer:
Reporting changes in the
visual world, such as movement.

, Question: What is the role of receptors and neurons in sensory systems?
Answer:
They carry
information about the body and surroundings to the central nervous system (CNS).

Question: What is the significance of receptor potentials?
Answer:
They are graded changes in membrane
potential that can lead to neurotransmitter release or action potentials.

Question: What types of stimuli do thermoreceptors respond to?
Answer:
Temperature changes.

Question: What is the role of chemoreceptors?
Answer:
They respond to pH, O2, and organic molecules.

Question: How do sensory receptors contribute to perception?
Answer:
By converting stimuli into electrical signals that the brain interprets.

Question: What is the relationship between stimulus intensity and neuron activation?-
Answer:
Stronger stimuli activate more neurons and increase the firing rate of individual neurons.

Question: What is the importance of understanding sensory processing?
Answer:
It helps in creating
an accurate neural representation of sensory stimuli.

Question: What happens to the pink clouds when you fix your eyes on the central '×'
for 20 seconds?
Answer:
The pink clouds will disappear due to the phasic cells stopping their reporting.

Question: Why is it more efficient for sensory systems to report changes?
Answer: