NUR 2115 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE VERSION 2
1. Nursing- the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing,
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
groups, communities, and populations
2. Who is the central focus of nursing care? The patient
3. What is the difference between the medical model and the nursing
care model?
1. “The traditional approach to the diagnosis and treatment of
illness as practiced by physicians in the Western world since
the time of Koch and Pasteur.
2. The physician focuses on the defect, or dysfunction, within
the patient, using a problem-solving approach. The medical
history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests provide
the basis for the identification and treatment of a specific
illness. The medical model is thus focused on the physical
and biologic aspects of specific diseases and conditions.”
3. The nursing model focuses on patient’s mental, emotional,
and physical needs and could be expressed as immediate care
leading into long term effects. "It is a mental or diagrammatic
representation of care, which is systematically constructed,
and which assists practitioners in organizing their
thinking about what they do, and in the transfer of their
thinking into practice for the benefit of the patient and the
profession (McKenna, 1994)". Essentially, the nursing model
accounts for the whole patient, not just the disease or
condition requiring treatment. It allows nurses to deliver care
to patients using a systematic approach of assessing,
planning, implementing and evaluating patient care - this is a
1
, cyclic nursing process with detailed guidance for each step of
care.
4. Nursing care models focus on a patient-orientated approach.
4. Healthy People 2020 Health Promotions guidelines: Leading
Health Indicators:
1. Attain high-quality of life
2. Free of preventable diseases, disability, injury, and premature
death
3. Achieve health equity
4. Eliminate disparities
5. Improve health of individuals
6. Create social and physical environments that promote good
health for all
7. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy
behaviors across all life stages
5. Interrelated Roles of Nursing
1. Caregiver- Conducting a client interview
2. Communicator
3. Teacher/ Educator- uses communication skills to assess,
implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to
meet learning needs of clients and their families
4. Counselor- Counseling skills involve the use of therapeutic
interpersonal communication skills to provide information,
make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient’s
problem-solving and decision-making skills.
5. Leader- displays an assertive, self-confident practice of
nursing when providing care, effecting change, and
functioning with groups.
6. Researcher- searching for information on the Internet
7. Advocate - Discussing legal issues
2
, 8. Collaborator- uses skills in organization, communication, and
advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the
health care team as they provide patient care
6. Why is it important to have aims and competencies in nursing
practice?
1. To promote quality care
2. 4 Competencies
i. Cognitive
ii. Technical
iii. Interpersonal
iv. Ethical
7. QSEN Competencies
1. Patient-Centered Care- Including patients in all decisions and
providing care based on needs and values
2. Teamwork and Collaboration- Interdisciplinary collaboration
and shared decision making
3. Quality Improvement- Collection, evaluation, and
improvement of patient outcomes
4. Safety- Preventing Harm to patients; embracing a “culture of
safety”
5. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)- Utilization of current
evidence when providing care
6. Informatics- Utilization of technology to promote safety &
quality
8. ANA Standards of practice: (ch 1 p.18, box 1-4)
1. Assessment- The RN collects pertinent data and information
relative to the health care consumers’ health or the situation
2. Diagnosis- The RN analyzes the assessment data to
determine the actual or potential diagnoses, problems, and
issues
3
GUIDE VERSION 2
1. Nursing- the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing,
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
groups, communities, and populations
2. Who is the central focus of nursing care? The patient
3. What is the difference between the medical model and the nursing
care model?
1. “The traditional approach to the diagnosis and treatment of
illness as practiced by physicians in the Western world since
the time of Koch and Pasteur.
2. The physician focuses on the defect, or dysfunction, within
the patient, using a problem-solving approach. The medical
history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests provide
the basis for the identification and treatment of a specific
illness. The medical model is thus focused on the physical
and biologic aspects of specific diseases and conditions.”
3. The nursing model focuses on patient’s mental, emotional,
and physical needs and could be expressed as immediate care
leading into long term effects. "It is a mental or diagrammatic
representation of care, which is systematically constructed,
and which assists practitioners in organizing their
thinking about what they do, and in the transfer of their
thinking into practice for the benefit of the patient and the
profession (McKenna, 1994)". Essentially, the nursing model
accounts for the whole patient, not just the disease or
condition requiring treatment. It allows nurses to deliver care
to patients using a systematic approach of assessing,
planning, implementing and evaluating patient care - this is a
1
, cyclic nursing process with detailed guidance for each step of
care.
4. Nursing care models focus on a patient-orientated approach.
4. Healthy People 2020 Health Promotions guidelines: Leading
Health Indicators:
1. Attain high-quality of life
2. Free of preventable diseases, disability, injury, and premature
death
3. Achieve health equity
4. Eliminate disparities
5. Improve health of individuals
6. Create social and physical environments that promote good
health for all
7. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy
behaviors across all life stages
5. Interrelated Roles of Nursing
1. Caregiver- Conducting a client interview
2. Communicator
3. Teacher/ Educator- uses communication skills to assess,
implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to
meet learning needs of clients and their families
4. Counselor- Counseling skills involve the use of therapeutic
interpersonal communication skills to provide information,
make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient’s
problem-solving and decision-making skills.
5. Leader- displays an assertive, self-confident practice of
nursing when providing care, effecting change, and
functioning with groups.
6. Researcher- searching for information on the Internet
7. Advocate - Discussing legal issues
2
, 8. Collaborator- uses skills in organization, communication, and
advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the
health care team as they provide patient care
6. Why is it important to have aims and competencies in nursing
practice?
1. To promote quality care
2. 4 Competencies
i. Cognitive
ii. Technical
iii. Interpersonal
iv. Ethical
7. QSEN Competencies
1. Patient-Centered Care- Including patients in all decisions and
providing care based on needs and values
2. Teamwork and Collaboration- Interdisciplinary collaboration
and shared decision making
3. Quality Improvement- Collection, evaluation, and
improvement of patient outcomes
4. Safety- Preventing Harm to patients; embracing a “culture of
safety”
5. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)- Utilization of current
evidence when providing care
6. Informatics- Utilization of technology to promote safety &
quality
8. ANA Standards of practice: (ch 1 p.18, box 1-4)
1. Assessment- The RN collects pertinent data and information
relative to the health care consumers’ health or the situation
2. Diagnosis- The RN analyzes the assessment data to
determine the actual or potential diagnoses, problems, and
issues
3
