ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT & CLINICAL
DIAGNOSIS 2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT AND
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS REVIEW
◉ What kind of information is obtained in the family history
component of the patient history?
Answer: Any relevant medical problems for both immediate and
non-immediate family members
◉ What kind of information is obtained in the personal/social
history section of the patient history?
Answer: home environment and conditions (pets, economic)
where was the patient raised
education
position in family
marital status
life satisfaction
hobbies/interests
source of stress
habits (nutrition, sleep, drugs, etoh, ADL's, and smoking)
self-care (self breast exams, exercise, home remedies)
,sexual history
environmental (travel, exposure to diseases)
religious and cultural preferences
access to care
◉ What information is necessary when obtaining sexual health
information?
Answer: number of partners, concerns, birth control, protection
from STI's
◉ What kind of information is obtained for the ROS component of
the patient history?
Answer: those that identify presence or absence of health related
issues in each body system
◉ What is subjective data?
Answer: it is information collected during the patient interview with
the patient or significant other. it is their words. It can include
symptoms, sensations, feelings, perceptions, desires, preferences,
beliefs, ideas, values, personal information, ROS, complete health
history
◉ What is objective data?
,Answer: it is the information that can be physically seen by the
provider and tested against. It can include the physical exam, lab
analysis, x rays, and professional consults.
◉ How do you approach sensitive issues when interviewing a
patient?
Answer: Provide privacy, be direct and firm, don't ask leading
questions, use open-ended questions, don't apologize for asking
questions, don't preach, avoid confrontation, use understandable
language, watch medical jargon, document carefully using the
patient's words.
◉ What does it mean to be culturally aware?
Answer: It is the deliberate self-examination and in depth
exploration of one's own biases, stereotypes, prejudices,
assumptions that one holds about people different than them.
◉ What does it mean to be culturally competent?
Answer: It requires the provider to be sensitive to a patient's
heritage, sexual orientation, socioeconomic situation, ethnicity, and
cultural background
◉ What are examples of questions that explore the patient's culture?
Answer: "what do you call your problem?"
"What do you think caused it?"
, "What does your sickness do to you?"
"Why do you think it started when it did?"
"What should be done to get rid of it?"
"Who else or what else might help you get better?"
◉ What are the components of a cultural response to a patient?
Answer: the response should include modes of communication to
include speech, space, and body language, awareness of the the
patients health beliefs, diet and nutritional practice, and the nature
of relationships with their family
◉ How do you measure visual acuity and test CN II
Answer: by measuring distance, near vision , and peripheral vision
◉ What is CN II?
Answer: optic nerve
◉ How do you measure distance vision for visual acuity?
Answer: by using a snellen chart and having the patient cover one
eye and read the lowest line that he can see clearly and then
alternate eyes
◉ How do you document distance vision?
DIAGNOSIS 2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT AND
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS REVIEW
◉ What kind of information is obtained in the family history
component of the patient history?
Answer: Any relevant medical problems for both immediate and
non-immediate family members
◉ What kind of information is obtained in the personal/social
history section of the patient history?
Answer: home environment and conditions (pets, economic)
where was the patient raised
education
position in family
marital status
life satisfaction
hobbies/interests
source of stress
habits (nutrition, sleep, drugs, etoh, ADL's, and smoking)
self-care (self breast exams, exercise, home remedies)
,sexual history
environmental (travel, exposure to diseases)
religious and cultural preferences
access to care
◉ What information is necessary when obtaining sexual health
information?
Answer: number of partners, concerns, birth control, protection
from STI's
◉ What kind of information is obtained for the ROS component of
the patient history?
Answer: those that identify presence or absence of health related
issues in each body system
◉ What is subjective data?
Answer: it is information collected during the patient interview with
the patient or significant other. it is their words. It can include
symptoms, sensations, feelings, perceptions, desires, preferences,
beliefs, ideas, values, personal information, ROS, complete health
history
◉ What is objective data?
,Answer: it is the information that can be physically seen by the
provider and tested against. It can include the physical exam, lab
analysis, x rays, and professional consults.
◉ How do you approach sensitive issues when interviewing a
patient?
Answer: Provide privacy, be direct and firm, don't ask leading
questions, use open-ended questions, don't apologize for asking
questions, don't preach, avoid confrontation, use understandable
language, watch medical jargon, document carefully using the
patient's words.
◉ What does it mean to be culturally aware?
Answer: It is the deliberate self-examination and in depth
exploration of one's own biases, stereotypes, prejudices,
assumptions that one holds about people different than them.
◉ What does it mean to be culturally competent?
Answer: It requires the provider to be sensitive to a patient's
heritage, sexual orientation, socioeconomic situation, ethnicity, and
cultural background
◉ What are examples of questions that explore the patient's culture?
Answer: "what do you call your problem?"
"What do you think caused it?"
, "What does your sickness do to you?"
"Why do you think it started when it did?"
"What should be done to get rid of it?"
"Who else or what else might help you get better?"
◉ What are the components of a cultural response to a patient?
Answer: the response should include modes of communication to
include speech, space, and body language, awareness of the the
patients health beliefs, diet and nutritional practice, and the nature
of relationships with their family
◉ How do you measure visual acuity and test CN II
Answer: by measuring distance, near vision , and peripheral vision
◉ What is CN II?
Answer: optic nerve
◉ How do you measure distance vision for visual acuity?
Answer: by using a snellen chart and having the patient cover one
eye and read the lowest line that he can see clearly and then
alternate eyes
◉ How do you document distance vision?
