CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FOR NR 503
Cultural Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER-:Self-examination of one's own prejudices
and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic
background.
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Care
is designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to improve
health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below are the
questions that can be utilized. - CORRECT ANSWER-What do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have the
same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care for
culturally diverse patients. These factors include - CORRECT ANSWER-communication
(verbal and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
,The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including - CORRECT
ANSWER-Web-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and
dissemination, (3) supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and
partnerships with diverse groups.
Epidemiological Triad: - CORRECT ANSWER-host, agent, environment
Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of individual genes and their impact on
relatively rare single gene disorders
Absolute risk - CORRECT ANSWER-is the probability of an event, such as illness,
injury, or death. Gives no indication of how its magnitude compares with others
The odds ratio - CORRECT ANSWER-closely approximates the relative risk if the
disease is rare.
Odds ratio and the relative risk are used - CORRECT ANSWER-to assess the strength
of association between risk factor and outcome.
How is Attributible risk used - CORRECT ANSWER-is used to make risk-based
decisions for individuals.
Population-attributable risk measures - CORRECT ANSWER-are used to form public
health decisions
EGAPP: - CORRECT ANSWER-Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and
Prevention
GAPPNet - CORRECT ANSWER-Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention
Network (established in 2009) is a collaborative initiative involving partners from across
the public health sector working together to realize the promise of genomics in health
care and disease prevention.
GEDDI - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetics Early Disease Detection Intervention project
(GEDDI) (established in 2009) developed a model strategy for using clinical, genetic,
and family history information to reduce the risk of disease, death, and disability in
affected individuals, family members, and populations.
HuGENet - CORRECT ANSWER-Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet)
(established in 1998) helps translate genetic research findings into opportunities for
preventive medicines and public health by advancing the synthesis, interpretation, and
dissemination of population-based data on human genetic variation in health and
disease. HuGENet reviews are systematic, peer-reviewed synopses of the
epidemiologic aspects of human genes, including prevalence of allelic variants in
different populations, population-based information on disease risk, evidence for gene-
, environment interaction and quantitative data on genetic tests and services carried out
according to specific guidelines.
NHANES III - CORRECT ANSWER-DC's Office of Public Health Genomics (established
in 2002) formed a multidisciplinary working group with members from across CDC. It
developed a proposal to measure the prevalence of selected genetic variants of public
health significance in a representative sample of the U.S. population and to examine the
association between the selected genetic variants and disease outcomes available in
NHANES III data.
The World Health Organization defines a pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER-as a global
epidemic that spreads to more than one continent (WHO, 2009). One of the more recent
pandemics that you might be familiar with is the H1N1 influenza outbreak of 2009.
Outbreak - CORRECT ANSWER-the occurrence of disease within persons in excess of
what would normally be expected in a clearly defined community, location, or time of
year. An outbreak may only last for a matter of days or weeks, but may last for years
Quarantine - CORRECT ANSWER-the separation and restriction of the movement of
people who were or are exposed to a contagious disease for a set period of time, to see
whether they become ill
Antigenic drift - CORRECT ANSWER-is a term describing the changes that occur within
virus's ribonucleic acid that changes the virus. Typically, these changes create seasonal
changes or new strains of a virus
WHO Pandemic Phases - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase 1—None of the current viruses
circulating in animals have been reported to cause infection in humans.
Phase 2—An animal-based influenza virus is known to have caused infection in humans
and is considered a potential pandemic threat.
Phase 3—An animal- or human-animal-based virus has caused some clusters of cases
in people, but has not caused human-to-human transmission that is significant enough
to cause community-level outbreaks.
Phase 4—Human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal virus is causing
community outbreaks and sustained disease. This is a significant shift in risk and any
country with such an outbreak should consult with WHO.
Phase 5—There is human-to-human spread of the virus in at least two countries. This
phase means that pandemic is imminent and that community action and implementation
of planned mitigation procedures is needed.
Phase 6—This is the pandemic phase, characterized by outbreaks in more than one
WHO defined region in addition to all Phase 5 criteria (WHO, 2009)
Phase 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-None of the current viruses circulating in animals have
been reported to cause infection in humans.
FOR NR 503
Cultural Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER-:Self-examination of one's own prejudices
and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic
background.
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Care
is designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to improve
health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below are the
questions that can be utilized. - CORRECT ANSWER-What do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have the
same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care for
culturally diverse patients. These factors include - CORRECT ANSWER-communication
(verbal and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
,The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including - CORRECT
ANSWER-Web-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and
dissemination, (3) supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and
partnerships with diverse groups.
Epidemiological Triad: - CORRECT ANSWER-host, agent, environment
Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of individual genes and their impact on
relatively rare single gene disorders
Absolute risk - CORRECT ANSWER-is the probability of an event, such as illness,
injury, or death. Gives no indication of how its magnitude compares with others
The odds ratio - CORRECT ANSWER-closely approximates the relative risk if the
disease is rare.
Odds ratio and the relative risk are used - CORRECT ANSWER-to assess the strength
of association between risk factor and outcome.
How is Attributible risk used - CORRECT ANSWER-is used to make risk-based
decisions for individuals.
Population-attributable risk measures - CORRECT ANSWER-are used to form public
health decisions
EGAPP: - CORRECT ANSWER-Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and
Prevention
GAPPNet - CORRECT ANSWER-Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention
Network (established in 2009) is a collaborative initiative involving partners from across
the public health sector working together to realize the promise of genomics in health
care and disease prevention.
GEDDI - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetics Early Disease Detection Intervention project
(GEDDI) (established in 2009) developed a model strategy for using clinical, genetic,
and family history information to reduce the risk of disease, death, and disability in
affected individuals, family members, and populations.
HuGENet - CORRECT ANSWER-Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet)
(established in 1998) helps translate genetic research findings into opportunities for
preventive medicines and public health by advancing the synthesis, interpretation, and
dissemination of population-based data on human genetic variation in health and
disease. HuGENet reviews are systematic, peer-reviewed synopses of the
epidemiologic aspects of human genes, including prevalence of allelic variants in
different populations, population-based information on disease risk, evidence for gene-
, environment interaction and quantitative data on genetic tests and services carried out
according to specific guidelines.
NHANES III - CORRECT ANSWER-DC's Office of Public Health Genomics (established
in 2002) formed a multidisciplinary working group with members from across CDC. It
developed a proposal to measure the prevalence of selected genetic variants of public
health significance in a representative sample of the U.S. population and to examine the
association between the selected genetic variants and disease outcomes available in
NHANES III data.
The World Health Organization defines a pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER-as a global
epidemic that spreads to more than one continent (WHO, 2009). One of the more recent
pandemics that you might be familiar with is the H1N1 influenza outbreak of 2009.
Outbreak - CORRECT ANSWER-the occurrence of disease within persons in excess of
what would normally be expected in a clearly defined community, location, or time of
year. An outbreak may only last for a matter of days or weeks, but may last for years
Quarantine - CORRECT ANSWER-the separation and restriction of the movement of
people who were or are exposed to a contagious disease for a set period of time, to see
whether they become ill
Antigenic drift - CORRECT ANSWER-is a term describing the changes that occur within
virus's ribonucleic acid that changes the virus. Typically, these changes create seasonal
changes or new strains of a virus
WHO Pandemic Phases - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase 1—None of the current viruses
circulating in animals have been reported to cause infection in humans.
Phase 2—An animal-based influenza virus is known to have caused infection in humans
and is considered a potential pandemic threat.
Phase 3—An animal- or human-animal-based virus has caused some clusters of cases
in people, but has not caused human-to-human transmission that is significant enough
to cause community-level outbreaks.
Phase 4—Human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal virus is causing
community outbreaks and sustained disease. This is a significant shift in risk and any
country with such an outbreak should consult with WHO.
Phase 5—There is human-to-human spread of the virus in at least two countries. This
phase means that pandemic is imminent and that community action and implementation
of planned mitigation procedures is needed.
Phase 6—This is the pandemic phase, characterized by outbreaks in more than one
WHO defined region in addition to all Phase 5 criteria (WHO, 2009)
Phase 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-None of the current viruses circulating in animals have
been reported to cause infection in humans.
