Biology evolution The theory of evolution
General 1 Change in genotypes
Evolution is a process affecting all living things on earth. The first person to - mutations
describe this process is Charles Darwin. Evolution makes it possible for species to
change over time and be adapted to their environment. - Sexual reproduction
Evolution = The process wherein species arise, change and/or disappear. 2 Natural selection
(survival of the fittest)
Variation organisms better suited
to the conditions in the
Variation in phenotype and genotype are an important requirement for evolution. environment have the
best changes of survival
How evolution works 2 Artificial selection
Species = a community of animals that is capable of producing offspring with one (survival of the cutest)
another, with those offspring also being capable of reproduction in turn 3 New species arise
- Uniqueness ; the species may strongly resemble each other in appearance,
however they all have slightly different traits and characteristics (living creature -> cells -> nucleus ->
chromosomes -> DNA)
-> excess production ; produced to much offspring for survival of species -> a lot of animals have
early death (environment can’t effort that much species) -> increasing diversity in a species (the
more offspring, the more little differences)
-> heredity = the passing on of DNA to the offspring
-> recombination (change DNA) = the random mixing of the DNA of two living creatures
-> mutation (change DNA) = random changes in DNA (caused by toxics, chemicals, radiation)
Random recombination and mutations result in individuals with random mixes of traits and
characteristics, which in turn mix them randomly and pass them on
- Selection ; environmental influences have an effect on a living creature (predators, parasites,
animals of the same species, toxins, change in habitat, climate)
; every animal has his own mix of characteristics -> survive in the environment or not
(survival of the fittest) -> those who fit in the environment survive and pass on their
characteristics (as much different offspring that is possible -> more chance of
surviving the natural selection process -> maximize chances of survival
General 1 Change in genotypes
Evolution is a process affecting all living things on earth. The first person to - mutations
describe this process is Charles Darwin. Evolution makes it possible for species to
change over time and be adapted to their environment. - Sexual reproduction
Evolution = The process wherein species arise, change and/or disappear. 2 Natural selection
(survival of the fittest)
Variation organisms better suited
to the conditions in the
Variation in phenotype and genotype are an important requirement for evolution. environment have the
best changes of survival
How evolution works 2 Artificial selection
Species = a community of animals that is capable of producing offspring with one (survival of the cutest)
another, with those offspring also being capable of reproduction in turn 3 New species arise
- Uniqueness ; the species may strongly resemble each other in appearance,
however they all have slightly different traits and characteristics (living creature -> cells -> nucleus ->
chromosomes -> DNA)
-> excess production ; produced to much offspring for survival of species -> a lot of animals have
early death (environment can’t effort that much species) -> increasing diversity in a species (the
more offspring, the more little differences)
-> heredity = the passing on of DNA to the offspring
-> recombination (change DNA) = the random mixing of the DNA of two living creatures
-> mutation (change DNA) = random changes in DNA (caused by toxics, chemicals, radiation)
Random recombination and mutations result in individuals with random mixes of traits and
characteristics, which in turn mix them randomly and pass them on
- Selection ; environmental influences have an effect on a living creature (predators, parasites,
animals of the same species, toxins, change in habitat, climate)
; every animal has his own mix of characteristics -> survive in the environment or not
(survival of the fittest) -> those who fit in the environment survive and pass on their
characteristics (as much different offspring that is possible -> more chance of
surviving the natural selection process -> maximize chances of survival
