NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
WITH QUALIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Etiology - ANSWER-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Pathogenesis - ANSWER-Story of how disease develops
Atrophy - ANSWER-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia - ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers,
cells lose cilia
Dysplasia - ANSWER-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Neoplasia - ANSWER-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
Apoptosis - ANSWER-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
Ischemia - ANSWER-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
, Hypoxia - ANSWER-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic - ANSWER-illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANSWER-Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one
recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize
phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANSWER-Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no
carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan Syndrome - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart
defects
Huntington's Disease - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time,
causing involuntary movements
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
X-Linked Disorders - ANSWER-Disorder carried on the x chromosome
WITH QUALIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Etiology - ANSWER-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Pathogenesis - ANSWER-Story of how disease develops
Atrophy - ANSWER-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia - ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers,
cells lose cilia
Dysplasia - ANSWER-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Neoplasia - ANSWER-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
Apoptosis - ANSWER-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
Ischemia - ANSWER-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
, Hypoxia - ANSWER-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic - ANSWER-illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANSWER-Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one
recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize
phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANSWER-Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no
carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan Syndrome - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart
defects
Huntington's Disease - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time,
causing involuntary movements
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
X-Linked Disorders - ANSWER-Disorder carried on the x chromosome
