ISS 215 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

ISS 215 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 According to our lectures, Martin Luther King is an example of: Question options: Traditional authority Political authority Rational legal authority Charismatic authority - Answers Charismatic authority According to Durkheim, what is internal inequality? Question options: Inequality based on personal characteristics Inequality based on the income of parents Inequality based on Social Structure of a society All of the above - Answers Inequality based on personal characteristics Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of societies based on mechanical solidarity? Question options: Homogenous Similarity of individuals Collective conscience All of the above - Answers All of the above According to Durkheim, which societies tend to have relatively more equality? Question options: Democratic societies Societies with simple division of labor Modern societies Societies with complex division of labor - Answers Societies with simple division of labo In one of Dr. Hussain's visits to New York City on New Year's Eve, he saw teens drinking and urinating in front of public in Times Square. Which term was used by Durkheim for such situations? Question options: Deviance Crime Anomie All of the above - Answers Anomie Max Weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy. Which one of the following was one of the reasons given by him to support bureaucracy? Question options: Impersonality Hierarchy Clear division of labor All of the above - Answers All of the above According to Durkheim, what is external inequality? Question options: Inequality based on personal characteristics Inequality based on the income of parents Education of individual All of the above - Answers Inequality based on the income of parents Max Weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy. Which one of the following was one of the reasons given by him to support bureaucracy? Question options: Precision Hierarchy Low cost All of the above - Answers All of the above Which one of the following organizations has the rules of inclusion and exclusion? Question options: American Medical Association Bohemian Club College sorority All of the above - Answers . Which one of the following organizations has the rules of inclusion and exclusion? Question options: National Rifle Association Bohemian Club College sorority All of the above - Answers . In our class, we used a story of two teenagers from two different castes that were hung by their own parents. Why? They were involved in homosexuality They killed a Hindu Priest They fell in love They started a Facebook condemning the Caste System - Answers They fell in love Followers of conflict perspective have criticized Davis and Moore's theory on social inequality. Which one of the following is one of their criticisms? Functional significance is a cultural phenomenon Social stratification leads to status-quo in a society Social stratification leads to conflict All of the above - Answers Social stratification leads to conflict Women face inequality in most societies around the globe. Which one of the following strategies may help them gain relative equality? Access to education Access to good jobs Access to politically powerful positions Access to and possession of valuable things - Answers Access to education Which one of the following point of view was given by Davis and Moore on Social Inequality? Social Inequality leads to conflict in a society Social Inequality leads to status quo Social Inequality encourages creativity, innovations, and inventions All of the above - Answers Social Inequality leads to conflict in a society A large number of untouchables in India changed their religion and became Christians. How did this conversion influence their status in India? They were still considered inferior in India They were equal to other people in India They were ranked higher in India None of the above - Answers They were still considered inferior in India In our class, which one of the following was used as an example of man-made social difference? Gender Race Religion Age - Answers Religion Which one of the following is the main reason behind inequality around the globe Access to education Access to good jobs Access to politically powerful positions Access to and possession of valuable things - Answers Access to education Which one of the following is a definition of Social Stratification? Ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things Ranking of individuals in terms of their race Ranking of individuals in terms of their gender All of the above - Answers Ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things According to the lectures, what percent of the USA population is Capitalist class? 1% 5% 10% 20% - Answers 1% In one of Dr. Hussain's visits to India, he saw a vendor who was selling milk in the streets of Delhi. What was so unique about it? The milk was dirty and people were still buying it The milk was free for poor people of the city The guy wouldn't touch the glass of milk touched by his customers None of the above - Answers The guy wouldn't touch the glass of milk touched by his customers According to Herbert Spencer increase in population leads to changes in the roles of individuals. As a result of increase in US population, which one of the following roles have changed? Roles of politicians Gender roles Roles of religious leaders All of the above - Answers All of the above According to Functional Perspective, legitimization of social, economic, an political structure leads to? Stability in the market Social integration and equilibrium Disintegration in society All of the above - Answers Social integration and equilibrium How would followers of Functional Perspective view civil rights movement? It was dysfunctional and not good for society It was functional It was a temporary imbalance and very dangerous None of the above - Answers It was functional According to Herbert Spencer and many other structural functionalists, the individuals who are competent, hard workings, and dedicated are the ones who succeed in a society. Which concept was used by him for this statement? Social Darwinism Social Mobility Social Stratification Social Inequality - Answers Social Darwinism Functionalists believe that society is a living organism. What does it mean? Just like human beings, societies have life Societies can abruptly change Societies are under constant conflict All of the above - Answers Just like human beings, societies have life August Comte said that society was an organic whole. What does it mean? Society has life Society is made of organic material Society can abruptly change None of the above - Answers Society has life According to functional perspective, what type of change is better? Change by force Change through revolution Planned organized change None of the above - Answers None of the above According to functional perspective, which one of the following is one of the main features of society? Dysfunctional elements are functional Social inequality is good Temporary imbalances are OK All of the above - Answers All of the above In out lectures, we talked about change through evolution and revolution. What type of change is considered better by functional perspective? Change through evolution Change through revolution Planned organized change None of the above - Answers Change through evolution According to August Comte, in which society does empirical knowledge become more important? Theological stage Metaphysical stage Scientific stage None of the above - Answers Scientific stage Prior to arrival of European immigrants, land in America was owned by Native Indian Tribes not individuals. What type of capitalism was it? Cooperative capitalism Manufacturing capitalism Modern capitalism None of the above - Answers Cooperative capitalism In a capitalist society workers do not necessarily own what they produce. What type of alienation is this? Alienation from work Alienation from other people Alienation from the product All of the above - Answers Alienation from the product According to the conflict perspective, which system emerges after class conflict? Capitalism Socialism Social welfarism None of the above - Answers Socialism Which one of the statements on mode of production was given by Karl Marx? Change in mode of production leads to a change in the structure of a society Change in the structure of a society leads to a change in mode of production Both A and B None of the above - Answers Both A and B According to Karl Marx, class conflict leads to what system? Capitalism Socialism Social welfarism None of the above - Answers Socialism What is Marxist's point of view on religion? Religion is functional Religion gives individuals purpose of life Religion is used like a drug by the Bourgeoisie to exploit people None of the above - Answers Religion is used like a drug by the Bourgeoisie to exploit people What is Karl Marx's point of view on Middle Class? He believes that Middle Class is an independent class He believes that Middle Class is an independent class and plays a very significant role in society He believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the Bourgeoisie None of the above - Answers He believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the Bourgeoisie According to Karl Marx, how many classes are in a Capitalists society? Two Five Three Four - Answers Two What is Marxist's point of view on religion? Religion is like opium Religion and state go together Religion plays a significant role in the life of individuals None of the above - Answers Religion is like opium Which term was used by Karl Marx for factory workers in Modern Capitalism? Rural Proletariat Urban Proletariat Bourgeoisie None of the above - Answers Urban Proletariat Which one of the following statements best reflects the point of view discussed under Social Darwinism? Question options: Those individuals who are hardworking, smart and dedicated are the ones who succeed The poor are the victim of the system Capitalism provides equal opportunities to all None of the above - Answers Those individuals who are hardworking, smart and dedicated are the ones who succeed In our discussion on Capitalism, it was suggested that trickle-down economy is not working now. Why? Question options: Modern technology Industrialization Globalization All of the above - Answers NOT All of the above n which economic system, production is for use not profit? Question options: Capitalism Welfarism Socialism All of the above - Answers Socialism Which one of the following was discussed in our lecture on development in Capitalism? Question options: It replaces nature It negates nature It destroys nature All of the above - Answers All of the above In our class, we watched a video on Steve Jobs. Which one of the following concepts best reflects the main theme of the video? Question options: Alienation Social Darwinism Social Mobility Social Inequality - Answers NOT Social Mobility You watched a video on Steve Jobs. Which one of the following statements best describes the main reason of why we watched this video? Question options: Capitalism promotes creativity, innovations, and motivation to succeed Capitalism is an exploitative system Capitalism is not friendly to environments All of the above - Answers Capitalism promotes creativity, innovations, and motivation to succeed Finland spends a lot of money on the welfare of its people. Where does the money come from for such a generous welfare program? Question options: Money generated from government owned factories and businesses Money generated from state taxes Money generated from government owned farms All of the above - Answers Not All of the ABOVe Universal health care, free education and subsidized housing are some of the features of welfare states. Where does the funding come for these programs? Question options: The factories that are run by the state The businesses that are owned by the state The taxes collected by the state All of the above - Answers The taxes collected by the state According to conflict perspective, which one of the following is the most important institution? Question options: Family Education Economic All of the above are equally important - Answers Economic Which one of the following businesses is paying millions of dollars per year to State of Michigan for endangering the health of Michigan people? Question options: Dow Chemicals General Motors Tobacco companies Exxon Mobil - Answers NOT dow chemicals Which societies were regulated by Social Contract? Prehistoric societies Feudal societies Industrial societies All of the above - Answers Prehistoric societies Based on our discussion, elites in Saudi Arabia are? Visible Invisible Sometimes they are visible and sometimes they are invisible None of the above - Answers Visible According to Thomas Hobbes, which one of the following best reflects state of nature? Brutal, cruel, and animalistic King, loving, and caring Little bit of both A and B None of the above - Answers Brutal, cruel, and animalistic According to our lectures, which one of the following groups does not have lobbyists? Banks and Insurance companies Colleges and Universities Trade Unions Students - Answers Students According to our lectures, what do the lobbyists do? Help their client to influence the decision-making process in the USA and have favorable laws Arrange fundraising dinners for the political candidates Arrange meetings between their clients and people in power All of the above - Answers All of the above In our discussion on C.W. Mills Elite Model, we used the example of former Vice President Dick Cheney. What did it refer to? Elites move from one group of elites to another group of elites In the US, only republicans tend to be elites Elites are always highly educated people All of the above - Answers Elites move from one group of elites to another group of elites In his book Prince, Machiavelli listed a number of strategies to rule a nation. Which one of the following is not of those? Cunning like a fox and forceful like a lion Always try to be neutral and flip-flop your positions Use religion as a tool Use force to maintain order - Answers Always try to be neutral and flip-flop your positions What is Social Contract Theory? A formal contract among people that lead to the creation of rules and regulations for elf- government An informal contract among people that lead to the creation of rules and regulations for self-government A combination of formal and informal contract among people that lead to the creation of rules and regulations for self- government None of the above - Answers An informal contract among people that lead to the creation of rules and regulations for self-government