ISS 215 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

ISS 215 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Structural Functionalism - Answers -Framework that sees society as a complex system -Society is INTEGRATED WHOLE -parts and whole are interdependent and functional Functionalism - Answers -individuals are indispensable -temporary imbalances are functional -ex: criminals create jobs -social stratification is good -MUST HAVE PEOPLE TO LABEL AS SOCIETY August Comte - Answers -Functionalism - -Society as ORGANIC WHOLE -Individuals are functional -Law of 3 stages -theological -metaphysical -scientific Organic Whole - Answers -Societies are born -- growth -- reach peak (military/economy) -- decay process -Ex: roman empire, china, England 100 years ago -Societies have life Theological Stage - Answers -August Comte -Belief in un-rational things Metaphysical Stage - Answers -became more rational -"earth is flat" Scientific Stage - Answers -Belief in observable, testable, objective information Herbert Spencer - Answers -Functionalism - -Social Organicism -Social Darwinism -Increase in size of society = increase in complexity and differentiation -Differentiation in structure leading to differentiation in function -roles of women, new leaders -"Eliminate those who are not functional in order to create functional society" Durkheim - Answers -Functionalism -Social Organism -Inter-relationship of parts and whole -Social Solidarity Talcott Parson - Answers - -Functional Imperatives: adaptation, goal attainment, integration, latency -Socialization and control Functional Imperatives - Answers -Parson -4 things needed for functional society: Adaption to environment, goal attainment, integration, latency (maintain values/beliefs) Social Differentiation - Answers -Classification of individuals into socially recognizable groups (natural and man made) -natural: sex, race -man made: religion, class, language, culture Social Stratification - Answers -A system of ranking individuals in terms of access to, and possession of, things valued by society -Material and non material -beauty, education, money Stratification Systems - Answers -Caste system -Social class system -Estate System Caste System - Answers -India -how God created people -created typed of people in ranking order by body parts -Leftover body parts = untouchables -Major separation between the ranks -live in separate neighborhoods, marry own rank -passed through generation Estate System - Answers -during roman empire -nobility: farm owners (private slaves, prisons, judges, security) -Clergy: priests -Peasants/farmers Social Class System (US) - Answers -Modern capitalist societies -Economic, Status, Political Economic - Answers -occupation (educated professors) -income -wealth Status - Answers -Personal Prestige: characteristics/charisma -Association: sorority, country club (Bahamian Club) Gilbert and Kahl Model - Answers -Capitalist class: 1% (most priviliged billionaires) -Upper middle class: 14% (doctors, lawyers) -Middle Class: 30% (regular jobs, white collar) -Working Class: 30% (full time jobs, no training/education) -Working poor: 15% (not full time, 20-30 hours) -Underclass: 10-12% (no work, disabled, sick) Davis and Moore - Answers -No society is classless -stratification is functional -certain positions are more important and require more skill, training -INEQUALITY IS EFFECTIVE Melvin M Tumin - Answers -Liberal/Marxist -Criticized David and Moore -unequal access to resources from birth -children are born into class -produces conflict rather than integration Mechanical Solidarity - Answers -Durkheim -rural/small/agriculture -simple division of labor -few occupation, anyone could do anything