Galen NUR 210 Exam 1
Modules 1-3 2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations
Given
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER ✔✔The process in which medications
move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER
✔✔absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption - ANSWER ✔✔happens with drug movement from the GI
tract into the bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
,Oral absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Takes awhile to get absorbed
because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution - ANSWER ✔✔Dissolution happens when a po
medication breaks down into particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to
combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream
occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere
with the absorption of drugs.
,Drugs that resist dissolution - ANSWER ✔✔Parenteral medications
(SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the
pill reaches the small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should
not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption - ANSWER ✔✔•Lack of muscle and
increased fat changes medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients - ANSWER ✔✔Fillers and other substances that make up
tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorption of PCN
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, first pass effect - ANSWER ✔✔•the oral drugs go to liver via portal
vein where some of the drug becomes inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying - ANSWER ✔✔Food doesn't move like it
should
Distribution - ANSWER ✔✔refers to the movement of the drug from
the circulation to body tissues
Factors affecting distribution - ANSWER ✔✔-blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding - ANSWER ✔✔Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein
bound
free drugs - ANSWER ✔✔drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity - ANSWER ✔✔-Two highly protein bound drugs
compete and one might accumulate and cause a toxicity
Modules 1-3 2026 Exam All
Answers and Illustrations
Given
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER ✔✔The process in which medications
move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER
✔✔absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption - ANSWER ✔✔happens with drug movement from the GI
tract into the bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
,Oral absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Takes awhile to get absorbed
because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption - ANSWER ✔✔Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution - ANSWER ✔✔Dissolution happens when a po
medication breaks down into particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to
combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream
occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere
with the absorption of drugs.
,Drugs that resist dissolution - ANSWER ✔✔Parenteral medications
(SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the
pill reaches the small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should
not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption - ANSWER ✔✔•Lack of muscle and
increased fat changes medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients - ANSWER ✔✔Fillers and other substances that make up
tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with
PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the
absorption of PCN
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, first pass effect - ANSWER ✔✔•the oral drugs go to liver via portal
vein where some of the drug becomes inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying - ANSWER ✔✔Food doesn't move like it
should
Distribution - ANSWER ✔✔refers to the movement of the drug from
the circulation to body tissues
Factors affecting distribution - ANSWER ✔✔-blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding - ANSWER ✔✔Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein
bound
free drugs - ANSWER ✔✔drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity - ANSWER ✔✔-Two highly protein bound drugs
compete and one might accumulate and cause a toxicity
