ANTIBODY | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS HERE!
LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!
what is the importance of an antibody? Answer: Importance of Antibodies
•Fight infection
•Fixation of complement
•Specific proteins called immunoglobulins
•Produced by a response to an antigen
•Used in diagnostic tests as reagents
to detect an antigen in the patient
•Pharmaceutical/Biotechnology
Industry
Adaptive immune system:
what are the cellular components?
what are the humoral components? Answer: Cellular components:
-T cells
-B cells
Humoral:
- Antibodies
What produces antibodies? Answer: B lymphocytes activated to
produce antibody (plasma cell)
What are antibodies? Answer: Antibody (Immunoglobulin)—is a protein of the humoral
immune system
what does a B cell do? Answer: A B Cell activates to become an antibody-producing
plasma cell
antibody general structure Answer: Antibody: General Structure:
4-chains
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1
,Basic molecule:
2 heavy and 2 light chains are linked together by disulfide bonds
Immunoglobulin structure:
light chains?
heavy chains?
constant regions?
variable region?
antigen binding site Answer: Immunoglobulin Structure
(antibody, gamma globulin):
Light chains:
- yellow; outer most chain
- antibody has either kappa or lambda
---kappa is found more often
Heavy chains:
- red inner part
- IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD
Constant regions on heavy chains:
- are where they changed to meet the antigen and the antibody.
Variable region light chains:
where the antigens bind
antigen binding site:
at the tip of each arm of the molecule.
Fab and Fc Regions of Antibody
--know locations of light chains, heavy chain, Fab, Fc, antigen binding site Answer: Fab:
- Fragment antigen binding (variable)
Fc:
- Fragment crystallizable (non variable)
B cell Specificity Answer: B cells are “born” with a receptor for a specific
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, antigen.
•Millions of B cells are formed, each with a different antigen specificity.
•It is an antigen independent process.
When a B cell meets its antigen, activation occurs.
Antigen binding site?
paratope (Antibody)?
Epitope (antigen)? Answer: The Paratope: Antigen Binding Site
•Paratope(antibody):
-Terminal end of the
variable heavy chain and the light chain
•Epitope (antigen):
- The part of the
antigen bound by the paratope
Antigen binding site: Answer: Antigen Binding Site:
-3 Hypervariable
domains in light
and heavy chain
VH and VL: hypervariable
•Complementary
Determining
Regions(CDRs),
-- L1, L2, L3, H1, H2, H3
What are the 5 immunoglobulin classes? Answer: 1. IgG
2. IgE
3. IgD
4. IgA
5. IgM
Immunoglobulin Class IgG:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
LEARN, PRACTICE & EXCEL!
what is the importance of an antibody? Answer: Importance of Antibodies
•Fight infection
•Fixation of complement
•Specific proteins called immunoglobulins
•Produced by a response to an antigen
•Used in diagnostic tests as reagents
to detect an antigen in the patient
•Pharmaceutical/Biotechnology
Industry
Adaptive immune system:
what are the cellular components?
what are the humoral components? Answer: Cellular components:
-T cells
-B cells
Humoral:
- Antibodies
What produces antibodies? Answer: B lymphocytes activated to
produce antibody (plasma cell)
What are antibodies? Answer: Antibody (Immunoglobulin)—is a protein of the humoral
immune system
what does a B cell do? Answer: A B Cell activates to become an antibody-producing
plasma cell
antibody general structure Answer: Antibody: General Structure:
4-chains
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Basic molecule:
2 heavy and 2 light chains are linked together by disulfide bonds
Immunoglobulin structure:
light chains?
heavy chains?
constant regions?
variable region?
antigen binding site Answer: Immunoglobulin Structure
(antibody, gamma globulin):
Light chains:
- yellow; outer most chain
- antibody has either kappa or lambda
---kappa is found more often
Heavy chains:
- red inner part
- IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD
Constant regions on heavy chains:
- are where they changed to meet the antigen and the antibody.
Variable region light chains:
where the antigens bind
antigen binding site:
at the tip of each arm of the molecule.
Fab and Fc Regions of Antibody
--know locations of light chains, heavy chain, Fab, Fc, antigen binding site Answer: Fab:
- Fragment antigen binding (variable)
Fc:
- Fragment crystallizable (non variable)
B cell Specificity Answer: B cells are “born” with a receptor for a specific
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, antigen.
•Millions of B cells are formed, each with a different antigen specificity.
•It is an antigen independent process.
When a B cell meets its antigen, activation occurs.
Antigen binding site?
paratope (Antibody)?
Epitope (antigen)? Answer: The Paratope: Antigen Binding Site
•Paratope(antibody):
-Terminal end of the
variable heavy chain and the light chain
•Epitope (antigen):
- The part of the
antigen bound by the paratope
Antigen binding site: Answer: Antigen Binding Site:
-3 Hypervariable
domains in light
and heavy chain
VH and VL: hypervariable
•Complementary
Determining
Regions(CDRs),
-- L1, L2, L3, H1, H2, H3
What are the 5 immunoglobulin classes? Answer: 1. IgG
2. IgE
3. IgD
4. IgA
5. IgM
Immunoglobulin Class IgG:
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
