Introduction to Biology -
Life’s Raw Ingredients
,1. Life’s Raw Ingredients
• C, H, O, N make up 96% of all organisms
TPP109/UCC109
• atoms -> molecules -> macromolecules -> cells
• endosymbiotic theory - cell types
• domains and kingdoms
2. Water - makes up to 70% of most cells and organisms
• Chemical structure
• Emergent properties
3-4. Macromolecules - lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
5-6. Cells – the basic structural and functional unit of life
7. Cell membrane transport – cellular homeostasis
8. Prokaryotes
• symbiotic relationships
• role in ecosystems
• scientific names - universal names for organisms
9. Human Digestive System
• breaking down macromolecules for energy and nutrients
• prokaryote role in human digestive ecosystem
10. Evolution, Classification, and Ecological concepts
• unity and diversity in organisms – descent with modification and natural
selection, variation and classification
• ecosystem, habitat and niche
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems
- carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water cycles
- energy flow
Levels of Biological Organisation
, Tips for learning a new language:
How to make the most of this course: Listen to the pronunciation
Learn the Language Write
Say
o Biology has many new words and a lot of new
Read
information!
Something new…
o Develop strategies for learning new words and
information atom molecule macromolecule eukaryotic
protist prokaryotic archaea endosymbiotic
o Adaptability symbiosis autotroph flagella lysosome
o How do you pick up skills and knowledge quickly? peroxisome cytoskeleton cytosol abiotic biotic
genetic allele autosomal heterotroph
o Consider how you will use these strategies in your heterozygous homozygous recessive genotype
undergraduate studies and profession phenotype cell nucleic acid quaternary
covalent electron electronegativity ATP
o Understanding the language increases comprehension mitochondria vacuole vesicle nucleolus
of the content. nucleus DNA RNA cytoskeleton δ trophic pili
fimbriae amino acid alpha α beta β glycolipid
Strategies glycoprotein glycosidic peptide enzyme
phosphodiester chitin starch cellulose
o Create a glossary peptidoglycan glycogen biodiversity
monosaccharide endocytosis exocytosis
pinocytosis phagocytosis plasmid hydrolytic
dehydration niche enterocyte polysaccharide
phospholipid steroid triglyceride habitat
o Become familiar with prefixes and suffixes ecosystem cilia microvilli plasmodesmata
e.g. biology desmosome organelle ribosome homology
homeostasis
prefix ‘bios-’ means life,
suffix ‘-ology’ or ‘-logy’ means knowledge or study of.
Both come from Greek.
Life’s Raw Ingredients
,1. Life’s Raw Ingredients
• C, H, O, N make up 96% of all organisms
TPP109/UCC109
• atoms -> molecules -> macromolecules -> cells
• endosymbiotic theory - cell types
• domains and kingdoms
2. Water - makes up to 70% of most cells and organisms
• Chemical structure
• Emergent properties
3-4. Macromolecules - lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
5-6. Cells – the basic structural and functional unit of life
7. Cell membrane transport – cellular homeostasis
8. Prokaryotes
• symbiotic relationships
• role in ecosystems
• scientific names - universal names for organisms
9. Human Digestive System
• breaking down macromolecules for energy and nutrients
• prokaryote role in human digestive ecosystem
10. Evolution, Classification, and Ecological concepts
• unity and diversity in organisms – descent with modification and natural
selection, variation and classification
• ecosystem, habitat and niche
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems
- carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water cycles
- energy flow
Levels of Biological Organisation
, Tips for learning a new language:
How to make the most of this course: Listen to the pronunciation
Learn the Language Write
Say
o Biology has many new words and a lot of new
Read
information!
Something new…
o Develop strategies for learning new words and
information atom molecule macromolecule eukaryotic
protist prokaryotic archaea endosymbiotic
o Adaptability symbiosis autotroph flagella lysosome
o How do you pick up skills and knowledge quickly? peroxisome cytoskeleton cytosol abiotic biotic
genetic allele autosomal heterotroph
o Consider how you will use these strategies in your heterozygous homozygous recessive genotype
undergraduate studies and profession phenotype cell nucleic acid quaternary
covalent electron electronegativity ATP
o Understanding the language increases comprehension mitochondria vacuole vesicle nucleolus
of the content. nucleus DNA RNA cytoskeleton δ trophic pili
fimbriae amino acid alpha α beta β glycolipid
Strategies glycoprotein glycosidic peptide enzyme
phosphodiester chitin starch cellulose
o Create a glossary peptidoglycan glycogen biodiversity
monosaccharide endocytosis exocytosis
pinocytosis phagocytosis plasmid hydrolytic
dehydration niche enterocyte polysaccharide
phospholipid steroid triglyceride habitat
o Become familiar with prefixes and suffixes ecosystem cilia microvilli plasmodesmata
e.g. biology desmosome organelle ribosome homology
homeostasis
prefix ‘bios-’ means life,
suffix ‘-ology’ or ‘-logy’ means knowledge or study of.
Both come from Greek.
