Child Psychology
Content:
• Attachment -> Bowlby/ Ainsworth
• Effects of deprivation -> Protest-Despair-Detachment Model
• Privation -> Genie
• Cross-cultural research -> Germany, Israel, Japan and Korea
• Autism -> Simon Baren-Cohen
• Daycare -> Belsky and Rovine / Andersson
• Classic Study -> van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
• Contemporary study -> Gagnon-oosterwaal et al (2012)
• Key Question -> What issues should parents consider when deciding about daycare for their child?
• Practical-> To investigate if there is a causal relationship between secure attachments during childhood and clo
relationships using a questionnaire
, Bowlby’s Theory of attachment : 44 Thieves Study
o Children have a biological need to attach to their main caregiver A- to investigate the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on people in order to see whether de
for the purpose of survival suffered deprivation
o There is a critical period of attachment, which is in the first three
years of life Sample of 88 children between 1936 and 1939, 44 of these were juvenile thieves the others we
o The child elicits social releasers which trigger caring behaviour Each child had their IQ tested, a social worker interview and psychiatrist interview
from the main caregiver
o The caregiver is a safe haven and skew base from which the child ✯ Maternal separation/ deprivation in the child/s early life caused permanent emotional damage
can explore and learn ✯ The condition was diagnosed as Affectionless Psychopathy, with included lack of guilt, lack of co
o When apart from the caregiver, the child experiences separation inability to form meaningful relationships.
anxiety and distress and seek comfort from their caregiver if
hurt Harlow’s Monkeys
o Childhood attachment is with one main caregiver (monotropy) 1. Infant monkeys were raised in isolation t
their lack of attachment would have. Th
The maternal deprivation hypothesis- Poor or damaged in early behaviour, couldn’t communicate or soc
childhood experiences could negatively affect people permanently
and irreversibly
Attachmen self-mutilation and violence.
2. Infant monkeys were reared with two su
The continuity hypothesis- the good first attachment leads to
healthy adult relationships t wire, one cloth. They spent more time w
even if she had no food.
The internal working model- the first relationship becomes a
templated future relationships ✯ If an attachment failed to develop, the c
irreversible effects.
Ainsworth- The Strange Situation ✯ One main attachment figure- monotropy
Used the strange situation procedure on a US sample of 26 children
Consisted of: Infant explores the room with parent present, a stranger enters and converses with parent, the parent Schaffer and Emerson
leaves and stranger consoles the child if needed, the parent returns and the stranger leaves, the parent then leaves so • 60 babies were observed longitudinally o
the child is alone, the stranger enters and offers comfort then lastly the parent returns. life in context to their interactions with th
development of attachments
✧ Found that there were three types of attachment, A- Insecure avoidant, B- Secure attachment and C- Insecure resistant
✧ With type A the child had no distress when mother left the room, they interacted and found comfort with the stranger ✯ Attachments were likely to form with tho
and ignored mother when she returned. Found that 15% of children were this type. accurately to the baby’s signal, not who t
✧ With type B the child was distressed when mother left and avoided the stranger. They sought comfort form the mother with (sensitive responsiveness)
when she returned. Found that 70% of children were this type. ✯ Critical period of attachment of 0-5years
✧ With type C the child was heavily distressed when the mother left and showed signs of stranger fear. On return the child ✯ Babies formed more than one attachmen
pushes the mother away angrily and avoids her. Found that 15% of children were this type. monotropy
Content:
• Attachment -> Bowlby/ Ainsworth
• Effects of deprivation -> Protest-Despair-Detachment Model
• Privation -> Genie
• Cross-cultural research -> Germany, Israel, Japan and Korea
• Autism -> Simon Baren-Cohen
• Daycare -> Belsky and Rovine / Andersson
• Classic Study -> van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
• Contemporary study -> Gagnon-oosterwaal et al (2012)
• Key Question -> What issues should parents consider when deciding about daycare for their child?
• Practical-> To investigate if there is a causal relationship between secure attachments during childhood and clo
relationships using a questionnaire
, Bowlby’s Theory of attachment : 44 Thieves Study
o Children have a biological need to attach to their main caregiver A- to investigate the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on people in order to see whether de
for the purpose of survival suffered deprivation
o There is a critical period of attachment, which is in the first three
years of life Sample of 88 children between 1936 and 1939, 44 of these were juvenile thieves the others we
o The child elicits social releasers which trigger caring behaviour Each child had their IQ tested, a social worker interview and psychiatrist interview
from the main caregiver
o The caregiver is a safe haven and skew base from which the child ✯ Maternal separation/ deprivation in the child/s early life caused permanent emotional damage
can explore and learn ✯ The condition was diagnosed as Affectionless Psychopathy, with included lack of guilt, lack of co
o When apart from the caregiver, the child experiences separation inability to form meaningful relationships.
anxiety and distress and seek comfort from their caregiver if
hurt Harlow’s Monkeys
o Childhood attachment is with one main caregiver (monotropy) 1. Infant monkeys were raised in isolation t
their lack of attachment would have. Th
The maternal deprivation hypothesis- Poor or damaged in early behaviour, couldn’t communicate or soc
childhood experiences could negatively affect people permanently
and irreversibly
Attachmen self-mutilation and violence.
2. Infant monkeys were reared with two su
The continuity hypothesis- the good first attachment leads to
healthy adult relationships t wire, one cloth. They spent more time w
even if she had no food.
The internal working model- the first relationship becomes a
templated future relationships ✯ If an attachment failed to develop, the c
irreversible effects.
Ainsworth- The Strange Situation ✯ One main attachment figure- monotropy
Used the strange situation procedure on a US sample of 26 children
Consisted of: Infant explores the room with parent present, a stranger enters and converses with parent, the parent Schaffer and Emerson
leaves and stranger consoles the child if needed, the parent returns and the stranger leaves, the parent then leaves so • 60 babies were observed longitudinally o
the child is alone, the stranger enters and offers comfort then lastly the parent returns. life in context to their interactions with th
development of attachments
✧ Found that there were three types of attachment, A- Insecure avoidant, B- Secure attachment and C- Insecure resistant
✧ With type A the child had no distress when mother left the room, they interacted and found comfort with the stranger ✯ Attachments were likely to form with tho
and ignored mother when she returned. Found that 15% of children were this type. accurately to the baby’s signal, not who t
✧ With type B the child was distressed when mother left and avoided the stranger. They sought comfort form the mother with (sensitive responsiveness)
when she returned. Found that 70% of children were this type. ✯ Critical period of attachment of 0-5years
✧ With type C the child was heavily distressed when the mother left and showed signs of stranger fear. On return the child ✯ Babies formed more than one attachmen
pushes the mother away angrily and avoids her. Found that 15% of children were this type. monotropy
