HIST 410N FINAL EXAM 1 – QUESTION AND ANSWERS

HIST 410N FINAL EXAM 1 – QUESTION AND ANSWERSHIST 410N FINAL EXAM 1 – QUESTION AND ANSWERSHIST 410N FINAL EXAM 1 – QUESTION AND ANSWERS Question 1 (TCO 6) The Versailles Treaty officially ended World War I. What did it do specifically? Made France admit responsibility for starting the war Required Austria-Hungary to pay reparations Forced Germany to surrender territory All of the above Question 2 (TCO 6) In 1917, as World War I raged through Europe, Russia finally broke through the German army and drove into Germany. defeated the Austrians and invaded the Balkans. experienced two revolutions and sued for peace. was completely overrun by the Germans. Question 3 (TCO 5) In 1922, Joseph Stalin was made head of the government. general secretary of the Communist party. general secretary of the Comintern. head of the Red Army. Question 4 (TCO 5) What event marked the beginning of World War II? The Nazi-Soviet Pact The German invasion of Poland The Anschluss Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland Question 5 (TCO 9) What city was divided during the Cold War and became a hotspot for espionage and intrigue? Paris London Berlin Rome Question 6 (TCO 9) China's communists finally won the long civil war under the leadership of Mao Zedong Kim Il Sung Syngman Rhee Chiang Kai-shek Question 7 (TCO 8) What was the intention of the Marshall Plan? To rebuild the military power of western Europe To help the Japanese economy recover from the war To rebuild the economies of war-shattered Europe To prevent the spread of Communism into Africa and Asia Question 8 (TCO 6) Why did India become two countries after independence in 1947? Mohandas Gandhi insisted on two nations. The British government did not want a country dominated by Islam. Hindu leaders feared discrimination in a Muslim-majority India. Muslim leaders feared discrimination in a Hindu-majority India. Question 9 (TCO 2) Gamal Nasser was a pan-Arabist, secular, national leader. an advocate of fundamentalist Islam. a Turkish leader. a loyal ally of the United States. Question 10 (TCO 2) Following the Arab-Israeli 1967 war, the Israelis and Palestinians agreed to negotiate. the Israelis demanded direct negotiations, and the Arabs demanded Israel’s withdrawal from the occupied territories prior to negotiations. the Arabs demanded Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and face-to-face negotiations. the United States and U.S.S.R. negotiated a settlement to the conflict. Question 11 (TCO 4) The weakness of communist satellite governments in the Cold War was most apparent in Poland. Romania. Albania. Hungary. Question 12 (TCO 4) The only Eastern European country that had widespread bloodshed in 1989 was Romania Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Poland Question 13 (TCO 7) One reason that the United States invaded Iraq in 2003 was Iraq was thought to have WMDs (weapons of mass destruction). Iraq had invaded Israel. Iraq was home to al-Qaeda. Iraq invaded Kuwait. Question 14 (TCO 10) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II. Fidel Castro Yasser Arafat Martin Luther King, Jr. Golda Meir Juan Peron Mikhail Gorbachev Question 15 (TCO 3) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II. Globalization NATO European Economic Community Brezhnev Doctrine World Trade Organization Question 16 (TCO 1, 2) Identify and analyze two causes of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Certainly, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife is considered the catalyst for the start of WWI, as the sides were drawn as to who was on the 'good' side and who was on the 'bad' side. This assassination brought other items into play that historians list as the main cause of the war. These included alliances, nationalism, militarism and imperialism. This embroiled all of Europe as the US stayed out of it. Probably the most important cause of world war-1 was a division of Europe into two alliance. Triple alliance had Germany and Austria-Hungry. On another side, Triple Entente had Britain, France, Russia. World war was fought between central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman empire and Bulgaria) and Allied power: Itlay, Britain, France, Russia and USA. All so called developed countries were divided into the two groups and it coupled with imperialistic leanings led to world war-1. Additional reasons for the War: For the US, the sinking of the Lusitania was our flash point, when we knew we could no longer stand idly by. Rivalry for colonies: European countries were trying to capture the colonies in Africa, Asia and the pacific. It automatically led to confrontations among these advanced countries. Loss of Alsace-Lorraine by France to Germany Question 17 (TCO 5, 11) Analyze how the stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, along with the Great Depression of the 1930s, contributed to the outbreak of World War II. Then analyze significant ways in which World War II changed the world. Make sure you use enough historical details to support your answer. The Treaty of Versailles was established to prevent further war by putting the total blame on Germany for World War I and expecting them to repair the damages. This treaty “represented the attempt of the victorious powers to regulate the new international order that had emerged in Europe as a result of the outcome of World War ”, (Keleher, E., Gould, L., 2015). The Treaty of Versailles was an unfair treaty which Germany was forced to sign. This treaty which was supposed to establish long time peace was a failure because Germany was made to accept the cost of the war and was being forced to “repay” up to 35 million dollars to France and the British. When they refused to do this the United States stepped in and helped France and Britain. Germany’s territory was taken away and it’s military troops were limited in size. Germany was very upset. Since the allies were blaming Germany they laid the “war guilt” upon them too. Along with leading to the rise of the Nazis, the Treaty of Versailles had quite different results on France's and Britain's relations with Germany and each other. Since they shared a long land border with Germany and had suffered a great deal in the war, the French were much more nervous about a restless Germany and wanted to keep its power limited. Therefore, in 1935, when Hitler announced that Germany would rearm (they had already been doing so secretly for two years), France signed a series of defensive pacts with Germany's neighbors to contain any future aggression by Hitler. Among these pacts was one with the Soviet Union, which France saw as the primary counterweight to German power. The Great Depression affected Europe and the United States, as well as many other countries. It literally decimated the economies of Europe and the United States. In the United States and in western Europe, the pre-occupation with the domestic economic crisis contributed to the political failure to meet the rising threat of fascism. It caused countries to look at other alternatives. Germany was feeling lost, with many of their valuable assets having been taken from them. This was fertile ground for the emergence of the Nazis to rise to power in Germany, and a military clique to take over in Japan. This set up the atmosphere for someone to rise as a leader, which is exactly what Hitler did. Hilter, in turn, scrapped the Treaty of Versailles. The British try to make a deal with Germany via Hitler, to cooperate. But Hitler breaks his promise and begins World War II. Question 18 (TCOs 9, 10) Identify and analyze the main events of the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis. Then assess how these events affected the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. Make sure you use enough details to support your answer. After the end of WWI, the Soviet Union was concerned about being behind in the United States in relation the the arms race. Castro was worried of a second attack from the US after being defeated in the Bay of Pigs, he decided to team up with the Soviet Union to defend his country. With this alliance, it allowed the Soviets to build military bases in Cuba. It was a prime location as it put the Soviets within an intermediate range of the US for their ballistic nuclear missiles. The US got the knowledge of the missile bases that the Soviet was building in Cuba with a spy plane. Question 19 (TCOs 4, 8) Analyze how the Solidarity (Solidarnosc) movement in Poland led to the collapse of communism in Poland. Point out what events led to the growth of the Solidarity movement, and then identify and analyze the events that followed Gorbachev's policy of political pluralism in Poland. Use specific details to support your answer. Then evaluate the relative success of democracy and capitalism in Poland, after the end of the Cold War. The Solidnarnosc movement was perhaps the most influential movement. It was between that it resulted in eh collapse of communism in Poland. A turning point that triggered reform and a revolution across the Eastern bloc. It was during this time that the solidarity evolved from a legal trade union and developed into an underground social network and developed into a protest movement. It eventually developed into a force that was able to topple and in fact replace the Poland communist system.