Module 5, Unit 2 Lab (14 pts.)
2 points/question 14 points total
Review: Where is the DNA?
DNA is packaged, in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, in
chromosomes. In prokaryotic cells chromosomes of DNA are not
protected within a nucleus. A chromosome is a single piece of coiled
DNA. The DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, like thread
wound around a spool. Without histones, the unwound DNA in
chromosomes would be very long and potentially disorganized. Each
human cell has about 1.8 metres of DNA.
m
er as
Here is a diagram of a chromatid. Each chromosome is made up of
co
two identical chromatids. The centromere is the point where the two
eH w
sister chromatids touch. Each chromatid has a short arm and a long
o.
arm. This is a test diagram.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
(1) Chromatid. (2) Centromere. (3) Short arm (4) Long arm.
Genome
is
The genome of eukaryotic organisms is the full set of chromosomes
Th
in an organism. This is an image of the 46 chromosomes, making up
the diploid genome of a human male.
1. How do we know that this is the genome of a male?
sh
This study source was downloaded by 100000823516103 from CourseHero.com on 07-06-2021 08:19:35 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/62987218/Module-5-Unit-2-DNA-Labdocx/
, m
er as
co
We know this genome is for a male as they autosome has a X/Y for the males instead of X/X for the females.
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Here is a chart that compares the genome sizes of some viruses and
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organisms. Do you think that humans have the largest genome size?
ou urc
Genome size refers to the number of base pairs (Adenine linked to
Thymine; Guanine linked to Cytosine – these are base pairs of DNA).
2. What organism was the first organism to have its genome
o
sequenced? How many base pairs does this organism have?
aC s
vi y re
Bacterium Haemophilus Influenza. Has 1,830,000 base pairs.
3. What organism (remember viruses are not organisms) has the
smallest genome? How many base pairs?
ed d
Bacterium Carsonella Ruddii. Has 159,662 base pairs.
ar stu
4. What organism has the largest genome? How many base pairs?
Amoeba Dubia. Has 670,000,000,000 base pairs.
is
5. How many base pairs are in the human (homo sapiens) genome?
Th
3,200,000,000 base pairs in the human genome.
6. What vertebrate organism has the smallest genome?
sh
Fish Tetraodon Nigroviridis (type of puffer fish).
7. What vertebrate organism has the largest genome?
Fish Protopterus Aethiopicus (marbles lungfish)
Comparison of different genome sizes
This study source was downloaded by 100000823516103 from CourseHero.com on 07-06-2021 08:19:35 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/62987218/Module-5-Unit-2-DNA-Labdocx/
2 points/question 14 points total
Review: Where is the DNA?
DNA is packaged, in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, in
chromosomes. In prokaryotic cells chromosomes of DNA are not
protected within a nucleus. A chromosome is a single piece of coiled
DNA. The DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, like thread
wound around a spool. Without histones, the unwound DNA in
chromosomes would be very long and potentially disorganized. Each
human cell has about 1.8 metres of DNA.
m
er as
Here is a diagram of a chromatid. Each chromosome is made up of
co
two identical chromatids. The centromere is the point where the two
eH w
sister chromatids touch. Each chromatid has a short arm and a long
o.
arm. This is a test diagram.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
(1) Chromatid. (2) Centromere. (3) Short arm (4) Long arm.
Genome
is
The genome of eukaryotic organisms is the full set of chromosomes
Th
in an organism. This is an image of the 46 chromosomes, making up
the diploid genome of a human male.
1. How do we know that this is the genome of a male?
sh
This study source was downloaded by 100000823516103 from CourseHero.com on 07-06-2021 08:19:35 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/62987218/Module-5-Unit-2-DNA-Labdocx/
, m
er as
co
We know this genome is for a male as they autosome has a X/Y for the males instead of X/X for the females.
eH w
Here is a chart that compares the genome sizes of some viruses and
o.
rs e
organisms. Do you think that humans have the largest genome size?
ou urc
Genome size refers to the number of base pairs (Adenine linked to
Thymine; Guanine linked to Cytosine – these are base pairs of DNA).
2. What organism was the first organism to have its genome
o
sequenced? How many base pairs does this organism have?
aC s
vi y re
Bacterium Haemophilus Influenza. Has 1,830,000 base pairs.
3. What organism (remember viruses are not organisms) has the
smallest genome? How many base pairs?
ed d
Bacterium Carsonella Ruddii. Has 159,662 base pairs.
ar stu
4. What organism has the largest genome? How many base pairs?
Amoeba Dubia. Has 670,000,000,000 base pairs.
is
5. How many base pairs are in the human (homo sapiens) genome?
Th
3,200,000,000 base pairs in the human genome.
6. What vertebrate organism has the smallest genome?
sh
Fish Tetraodon Nigroviridis (type of puffer fish).
7. What vertebrate organism has the largest genome?
Fish Protopterus Aethiopicus (marbles lungfish)
Comparison of different genome sizes
This study source was downloaded by 100000823516103 from CourseHero.com on 07-06-2021 08:19:35 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/62987218/Module-5-Unit-2-DNA-Labdocx/
