BIO 181 Test Bank 1 COMPLETE latest test questions with correct answers

Short answer essay: 1) Pancake-shaped cells explores the environment – moving filopodia with receptors extend from 2) Then in some area filopodia stop moving due to signal received (biochemical cascade 3) That area restructures to extend large, lamellipodium that pushes out against the plasma 4) When lamellipodium touches substrate cell-equivalent of super glue/adhesion plaque holds 5) Cell equivalent of a muscle (i.e. actin and myosin) assembles and attaches to adhesion plaque 6) The muscle contracts pulling the back end of the cell forward. (1 point) 7) The above process repeats itself as cell walks directionally. The students must mention that 8) Once directionally moving, cell has front and back end with lamellipodia at front end, nucleus 9) Retraction fiber contains cell-equivalent of super glue/adhesion plaque, thinly stretched (like rubber band) plasma membrane with very little cytoplasm. Later plasma membrane breaks near adhesion plaque, and plasma membrane on both side seal the break. Micro Exudate is what cell Question bank: A cell that is anchorage-dependent for growth will also exhibit contact inhibition. The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney. A single-celled eukaryotic organism: In your own multicellular body, cells with different functions have different DNA. In Cell Biology what can limit the progress of science? In your own multicellular body, different cells in your body have a division of labor between them. What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions? write a sentence answer here - _. The paramecium swims by way of using a flagella. Compared to bacteria which of the cell types below are not responsible for finding food” A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal. Write a few sentences that explain what limits an individual cell from becoming more complex. A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal. A cell that is itself an organism must have a minimum of four needs presented in lecture. List these four things. In order to examine cells which are smaller than can be detected by the human senses what needs to be used? (pick the best answer). Comparing a single-celled eukaryotic organism with a multicellular organism such as yourself identify the major difference from the list below. The paramecium discussed in class contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the: In an extant prokaryotic cell, the outer boundary of life is the capsule. After a cell is pancake shaped in a cell culture dish, the order of events that occurs as a cell walks is (pick the best order): The presumed first step in the transition of the primitive, proto-prokaryotic cell into the primitive, proto-eukaryotic cell was the loss of the cell wall. Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory. Loss of the cell wall was required for the endomembrane system theory. It is presumed that the peroxisomes evolved in these primitive, proto-eukaryotes to remove oxygen, which was toxic to the primitive cells. DNA in extant prokaryotic cells is circular. The cytoskeleton enabled the primitive cell to become motile. Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory. Finish the sentence based on my lectures: The association of ribosomes with _________________ invaginations would support the theory. The cytoskeleton gave rise to the nuclear envelope. Why is it important to know the limitations of technology? TEM provides a thin, two-dimensional section of the object being studied. List one limitation of the cell culture technique. When cancer cells are crowded by surrounding cells, the cancer cells become spherical and they can still go through cell division. A normal cell is ____________and for growth. The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contains the cell equivalent of super-glue. Motility improved the fitness of these early cells because: The ancient earth did not contain much oxygen. Fluorescence microscopy is a form of light microscopy. What limits how big a cell can be? We are made up of percent water. The ER is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. Explain how the vesicles are carried from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein to let components move down their concentration gradient. Cholesterol is to have in biological membranes. Amino acids can be largely subdivided into two groups. What are the two groups? A single pass trans-membrane protein that is an alpha helix can make a channel. For a protein to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the endoplasmic reticulum’s lumen or part of the endoplasmic reticulum’s membrane: What are the two functions of a membrane? Explain the evolutionary origin of mitochondria. The ER is contiguous with the Golgi apparatus. What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid? The plasma membrane gets new lipids from: What are the orphaned organelles orphaned from? Active transport uses ATP to move components in parallel with their concentration gradient, that is: from a high concentration to a low concentration. What is the difference between a single-pass transmembrane protein and a 7-pass transmembrane protein? If something is soluble in water a of hydration forms around it and it is termed . It is a simple matter (i.e., thermodynamically favorable) for a vesicle to form from the endoplasmic reticulum. ………………………..CONTINUED……………………………