BIOS 256 (A&P 4) MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The Midterm spans material covered in Chapters 24 through 26. The
exam will be worth 170 points with a mix of the following question
types: 35 multiple-choice, 4 select all that apply, 15 short answer, and 1
essay question. The exam will be held on Wednesday, 8 August 2018 in
Room 214 from 12:00 pm -2:00 pm. You will have 1.5 hours to finish
the exam. Best of luck to you!
Multiple-Choice Questions and Select All That Apply
(Ch. 24) Organs of the digestive system
o Mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small intestine
o Large intestine
o Rectum
o Anal canal
o Anus
(Ch. 24) Functions of the GI tract
o Ingestion
o Secretion
o Mixing and propulsion
o Digestion
o Absorption
o Defecations
(Ch. 24) Neural innervation of the GI tract
o Enteric Nervous system
July 2018
, Submucosal plexus-secrete/not secrete
Myenteric plexus-full feeling attached to muscles
o Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic-fight or flight
(Ch. 24) Teeth
o 20 baby teeth/32 adult teeth
Enamel-protects the tooth (calcium salts)
Dentin-makes up the majority of the tooth (calcified
connective tissue)
Gingival sulcus
Gingiva (gums)-holds teeth in place
Pulp cavity-contains pulp (connective tissue contains
nerves and blood vessels)
Cementum-bone like attaches the root to periodontal
ligament
Root canal- extension of the pulp cavity, contains blood
vessels and nerves
Alveolar bone-
Periodontal ligament-helps anchor tooth to underlying
bone
Apical foramen-opening at the base of root canal where
blood vessels and nerves pass
Nerve
Blood supply
(Ch. 24) Stomach
July 2018
, o Figure 24.12
(Ch. 24) Pancreas
o Produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins, fats and nucleic
acids
o Produces sodium bicarbonate that buffers stomach acids
o Empties into the duodenum
(Ch. 24) Liver
o Falciform ligament-separates lobes of liver
o Liver Functions:
Stores/produces bile (emulsification of fats)
Carb, lipid and protein metabolism
Stores glycogen
Processing of drugs and hormones
Bilirubin excretion
Bile salt synthesis
Phagocytosis
Vitamin D activation
o Composed of:
hepatocytes -helps with processing nutrients
bile canaliculi- channels for bile to travel
July 2018
The Midterm spans material covered in Chapters 24 through 26. The
exam will be worth 170 points with a mix of the following question
types: 35 multiple-choice, 4 select all that apply, 15 short answer, and 1
essay question. The exam will be held on Wednesday, 8 August 2018 in
Room 214 from 12:00 pm -2:00 pm. You will have 1.5 hours to finish
the exam. Best of luck to you!
Multiple-Choice Questions and Select All That Apply
(Ch. 24) Organs of the digestive system
o Mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small intestine
o Large intestine
o Rectum
o Anal canal
o Anus
(Ch. 24) Functions of the GI tract
o Ingestion
o Secretion
o Mixing and propulsion
o Digestion
o Absorption
o Defecations
(Ch. 24) Neural innervation of the GI tract
o Enteric Nervous system
July 2018
, Submucosal plexus-secrete/not secrete
Myenteric plexus-full feeling attached to muscles
o Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic-fight or flight
(Ch. 24) Teeth
o 20 baby teeth/32 adult teeth
Enamel-protects the tooth (calcium salts)
Dentin-makes up the majority of the tooth (calcified
connective tissue)
Gingival sulcus
Gingiva (gums)-holds teeth in place
Pulp cavity-contains pulp (connective tissue contains
nerves and blood vessels)
Cementum-bone like attaches the root to periodontal
ligament
Root canal- extension of the pulp cavity, contains blood
vessels and nerves
Alveolar bone-
Periodontal ligament-helps anchor tooth to underlying
bone
Apical foramen-opening at the base of root canal where
blood vessels and nerves pass
Nerve
Blood supply
(Ch. 24) Stomach
July 2018
, o Figure 24.12
(Ch. 24) Pancreas
o Produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins, fats and nucleic
acids
o Produces sodium bicarbonate that buffers stomach acids
o Empties into the duodenum
(Ch. 24) Liver
o Falciform ligament-separates lobes of liver
o Liver Functions:
Stores/produces bile (emulsification of fats)
Carb, lipid and protein metabolism
Stores glycogen
Processing of drugs and hormones
Bilirubin excretion
Bile salt synthesis
Phagocytosis
Vitamin D activation
o Composed of:
hepatocytes -helps with processing nutrients
bile canaliculi- channels for bile to travel
July 2018
