AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING
INTRODUCTION
CHARGING CIRCUIT
BATTERY CONSTRUCTION
BATTERY CASE, COYER, AND CAPS.
BATTERY CAPACITY
BATTERY CHARGING
PLACING NEW BATTERIES IN SERVICE
BATTERY MAINTENANCE
CLEANING THE BATTERY AND TERMINALS.
BATTERY TEST
CELL VOLTAGE TEST.
GENERATORS
REGULATION OF GENERATOR OUTPUT
GENERATOR MAINTENANCE
GENERATOR REPAIR
ARMATURE TEST.
ALTERNATORS
RECTIFIER ASSEMBLY.
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT CONTROL
ALTERNATOR TESTING
CHARGING SYSTEM TEST
CIRCUIT RESISTANCE TEST
STARTING CIRCUIT
PINION DRIVE ASSEMBLY
FIELD FRAME
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 1/ 101
,NEUTRAL SAFETY SWITCH
STARTING MOTOR CIRCUIT TESTS
IGNITION CIRCUIT
IGNITION COIL
IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR
SPARK PLUG
SPARK PLUG WIRES
ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM
IGNITION TIMING DEVICES
IGNITION SYS TEM MAINTENANCE
A SPARK PLUG WIRE RESISTANCE TEST
ELECTRONIC IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR SERVICE
LIGHTING CIRCUIT
HEADLIGHTS HEADLIGHT SWITCH
DIMMER SWITCH
BLACKOUT LIGHTS
TURN-SIGNAL SYSTEMS
EMERGENCY LIGHT SYSTEM
INSTRUMENTS, GAUGES, AND ACCESSORIES
FUEL GAUGE
TEMPERATURE GAUGE
MECHANICAL SPEEDOMETERS AND TACHOMETERS
WINDSHIELD WIPERS
WIRING ASSEMBLIES
WIRE TERMINAL ENDS
WIRE SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 2/ 101
, AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING
INTRODUCTION
Learning Objective: Identify charging, starting, ignition, and accessory-circuit
components, their functions, and maintenance procedures. Identify the basic types of
automotive wiring, types of terminals, and wiring diagrams.
The electrical systems on equipment used by the Navy are designed to perform a
variety of functions. The automotive electrical system contains five electrical circuits.
These circuits are as follows (fig. 2-1):
Charging circuit
Starting circuit
Ignition circuit
Lighting circuit
Accessory circuit
Electrical power and control signals must be delivered to electrical devices reliably
and safely so electrical system functions are not impaired or converted to hazards. This
goal is accomplished through careful circuit design, prudent component selection, and
practical equipment location. By carefully studying this chapter and the preceding
chapter, you will understand how these circuits work and the adjustments and repairs
required to maintain the electrical systems in peak condition.
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 3/ 101
, Figure 2-1.- Electrical circuits.
CHARGING CIRCUIT
Learning Objective: Identify charging-circuit components, their functions, and
maintenance procedures.
The charging system performs several functions, which are as follows:
It recharges the battery after engine cranking or after the use of electrical accessories
with the engine turned off.
It supplies all the electricity for the vehicle when the engine is running.
It must change output to meet different electrical loads.
It provides a voltage output that is slightly higher than battery voltage.
A typical charging circuit consists of the following:
BATTERY- provides current to energize or excite the alternator and assists in
stabilizing initial alternator output.
ALTERNATOR or GENERATOR- uses mechanical (engine) power to produce
electricity.
ALTERNATOR BELT- links the engine crankshaft pulley with alternator/ generator
pulley to drive the alternator/ generator.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR- ammeter, voltmeter, or warning light to inform the
operator of charging system condition.
STORAGE BATTERY
The storage battery is the heart of the charging circuit (fig. 2-2). It is an
electrochemical device for producing and storing electricity. A vehicle battery has
several important functions, which are as follows:
It must operate the starting motor, ignition system, electronic fuel injection system,
and other electrical devices for the engine during engine cranking and starting.
It must supply ALL of the electrical power for the vehicle when the engine is not
running.
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 4/ 101
INTRODUCTION
CHARGING CIRCUIT
BATTERY CONSTRUCTION
BATTERY CASE, COYER, AND CAPS.
BATTERY CAPACITY
BATTERY CHARGING
PLACING NEW BATTERIES IN SERVICE
BATTERY MAINTENANCE
CLEANING THE BATTERY AND TERMINALS.
BATTERY TEST
CELL VOLTAGE TEST.
GENERATORS
REGULATION OF GENERATOR OUTPUT
GENERATOR MAINTENANCE
GENERATOR REPAIR
ARMATURE TEST.
ALTERNATORS
RECTIFIER ASSEMBLY.
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT CONTROL
ALTERNATOR TESTING
CHARGING SYSTEM TEST
CIRCUIT RESISTANCE TEST
STARTING CIRCUIT
PINION DRIVE ASSEMBLY
FIELD FRAME
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 1/ 101
,NEUTRAL SAFETY SWITCH
STARTING MOTOR CIRCUIT TESTS
IGNITION CIRCUIT
IGNITION COIL
IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR
SPARK PLUG
SPARK PLUG WIRES
ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM
IGNITION TIMING DEVICES
IGNITION SYS TEM MAINTENANCE
A SPARK PLUG WIRE RESISTANCE TEST
ELECTRONIC IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR SERVICE
LIGHTING CIRCUIT
HEADLIGHTS HEADLIGHT SWITCH
DIMMER SWITCH
BLACKOUT LIGHTS
TURN-SIGNAL SYSTEMS
EMERGENCY LIGHT SYSTEM
INSTRUMENTS, GAUGES, AND ACCESSORIES
FUEL GAUGE
TEMPERATURE GAUGE
MECHANICAL SPEEDOMETERS AND TACHOMETERS
WINDSHIELD WIPERS
WIRING ASSEMBLIES
WIRE TERMINAL ENDS
WIRE SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 2/ 101
, AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING
INTRODUCTION
Learning Objective: Identify charging, starting, ignition, and accessory-circuit
components, their functions, and maintenance procedures. Identify the basic types of
automotive wiring, types of terminals, and wiring diagrams.
The electrical systems on equipment used by the Navy are designed to perform a
variety of functions. The automotive electrical system contains five electrical circuits.
These circuits are as follows (fig. 2-1):
Charging circuit
Starting circuit
Ignition circuit
Lighting circuit
Accessory circuit
Electrical power and control signals must be delivered to electrical devices reliably
and safely so electrical system functions are not impaired or converted to hazards. This
goal is accomplished through careful circuit design, prudent component selection, and
practical equipment location. By carefully studying this chapter and the preceding
chapter, you will understand how these circuits work and the adjustments and repairs
required to maintain the electrical systems in peak condition.
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 3/ 101
, Figure 2-1.- Electrical circuits.
CHARGING CIRCUIT
Learning Objective: Identify charging-circuit components, their functions, and
maintenance procedures.
The charging system performs several functions, which are as follows:
It recharges the battery after engine cranking or after the use of electrical accessories
with the engine turned off.
It supplies all the electricity for the vehicle when the engine is running.
It must change output to meet different electrical loads.
It provides a voltage output that is slightly higher than battery voltage.
A typical charging circuit consists of the following:
BATTERY- provides current to energize or excite the alternator and assists in
stabilizing initial alternator output.
ALTERNATOR or GENERATOR- uses mechanical (engine) power to produce
electricity.
ALTERNATOR BELT- links the engine crankshaft pulley with alternator/ generator
pulley to drive the alternator/ generator.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR- ammeter, voltmeter, or warning light to inform the
operator of charging system condition.
STORAGE BATTERY
The storage battery is the heart of the charging circuit (fig. 2-2). It is an
electrochemical device for producing and storing electricity. A vehicle battery has
several important functions, which are as follows:
It must operate the starting motor, ignition system, electronic fuel injection system,
and other electrical devices for the engine during engine cranking and starting.
It must supply ALL of the electrical power for the vehicle when the engine is not
running.
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND WIRING 4/ 101
