NUR 2868 R & S EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE VERSION 2
Role & Scope Exam 2 Study Guide (NUR 2868)
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE:
What is it?
EBP: the integration of individual clinical expertise, built from practice, with the
best available clinical evidence from systematic research applied to practice
How does research improve practice guidelines?
Research: A systematic investigation to determine the truth or falsity of a
hypothesis, or to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new
knowledge
What sources can help nurses use EBP?
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evidence-based
practice: www.ahrq.gov/
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM): www.cebm.net
The Cochrane Collaboration: www.cochrane.org
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR):
www.cochrane.org/cochrane-reviews/cochrane-database-systematic-
reviews-numbers
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Toronto: www.cebm.utoronto.ca
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD): www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database
NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED)
Guidelines International Network: www.g-i-n.net/
International Council of Nurses: Closing the gap: From evidence to action:
www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/ind/indkit2012.pdf
National Guideline Clearinghouse: www.guideline.gov
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: www.nice.org.uk
National Institute of Clinical Studies: www.nhmrc.gov.au/nics/
Primary Care Practice-Based Research Networks: pbrn.ahrq.gov
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): www.sign.ac.uk/
Domain Intended use
.com Mainly for commercial entities, but
unrestricted
,.org Originally for organizations not clearly
falling within the other gTLDs, now
unrestricted
.net Originally for network infrastructures,
now unrestricted
.edu Educational use, but now primarily for
US third level colleges and universities
.gov Governmental use, but now primarily
for US governmental entities and
agencies
.mil Military use, but now primarily for US
military only
What role does technology play in promoting EBP?
Who should use EBP? How can nurses get others involved in using it?
What is the function of the ANA? How can nurses utilize its web and
literature contents?
Concerned with the quality of nursing practice in the daily health-care setting.
Develops standards for the profession.
The major purposes for the existence of the ANA, as stated in its bylaws, include
improving the standards of health and access to health-care services for everyone;
improving and maintaining high standards for nursing practice; and promoting the
professional growth and development of all nurses, including economic issues,
working conditions, and independence of practice.
Why do some nurses resist using research or EBP?
Late Majority: skeptics who do not adopt something unless there is pressure. Feel
safe when there is limited uncertainty.
Laggards: most secure in holding on to the past. Most comfortable when an idea
cannot fail.
How does the aging of the American population impact health care delivery?
PATIENT CENTERED CARE:
What is the significance of the report Crossing the Quality Chasm?
Identified 6 major aims in providing healthcare:
Safe
, Effective
Paitent-centered
Timely
Efficient
Equitable
Moved care from discipline-centric foci to patient-centered foci
Reinforced the disparities that occur within health care, which, in turn, led to a
focus on best practices (and reinforced the need to be patient centered)
Addressed issues such as healing environments, evidence-based care and
transparency, which led to a more holistic environment that was built on evidence
and that was transparent
What is patient centered care? How can nurses be sure patients’ needs are
met?
How can the nurse assure that multidisciplinary needs are met for the
patient?
Understand the effects of culture and language on the provision of patient
centered care.
ADVOCACY:
Understand the premises of Patient Centered Care and the RN’s role in
providing it.
How do nurses advocate for their patients?
What are the primary goals of the Affordable Care Act?
Legislation aimed at increasing access to uninsured Americans to quality,
affordable care while reducing costs of unnecessary services
Goals:
Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law
provides consumers with subsidies (“premium tax credits”) that lower costs
Role & Scope Exam 2 Study Guide (NUR 2868)
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE:
What is it?
EBP: the integration of individual clinical expertise, built from practice, with the
best available clinical evidence from systematic research applied to practice
How does research improve practice guidelines?
Research: A systematic investigation to determine the truth or falsity of a
hypothesis, or to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new
knowledge
What sources can help nurses use EBP?
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evidence-based
practice: www.ahrq.gov/
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM): www.cebm.net
The Cochrane Collaboration: www.cochrane.org
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR):
www.cochrane.org/cochrane-reviews/cochrane-database-systematic-
reviews-numbers
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Toronto: www.cebm.utoronto.ca
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD): www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database
NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED)
Guidelines International Network: www.g-i-n.net/
International Council of Nurses: Closing the gap: From evidence to action:
www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/ind/indkit2012.pdf
National Guideline Clearinghouse: www.guideline.gov
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: www.nice.org.uk
National Institute of Clinical Studies: www.nhmrc.gov.au/nics/
Primary Care Practice-Based Research Networks: pbrn.ahrq.gov
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): www.sign.ac.uk/
Domain Intended use
.com Mainly for commercial entities, but
unrestricted
,.org Originally for organizations not clearly
falling within the other gTLDs, now
unrestricted
.net Originally for network infrastructures,
now unrestricted
.edu Educational use, but now primarily for
US third level colleges and universities
.gov Governmental use, but now primarily
for US governmental entities and
agencies
.mil Military use, but now primarily for US
military only
What role does technology play in promoting EBP?
Who should use EBP? How can nurses get others involved in using it?
What is the function of the ANA? How can nurses utilize its web and
literature contents?
Concerned with the quality of nursing practice in the daily health-care setting.
Develops standards for the profession.
The major purposes for the existence of the ANA, as stated in its bylaws, include
improving the standards of health and access to health-care services for everyone;
improving and maintaining high standards for nursing practice; and promoting the
professional growth and development of all nurses, including economic issues,
working conditions, and independence of practice.
Why do some nurses resist using research or EBP?
Late Majority: skeptics who do not adopt something unless there is pressure. Feel
safe when there is limited uncertainty.
Laggards: most secure in holding on to the past. Most comfortable when an idea
cannot fail.
How does the aging of the American population impact health care delivery?
PATIENT CENTERED CARE:
What is the significance of the report Crossing the Quality Chasm?
Identified 6 major aims in providing healthcare:
Safe
, Effective
Paitent-centered
Timely
Efficient
Equitable
Moved care from discipline-centric foci to patient-centered foci
Reinforced the disparities that occur within health care, which, in turn, led to a
focus on best practices (and reinforced the need to be patient centered)
Addressed issues such as healing environments, evidence-based care and
transparency, which led to a more holistic environment that was built on evidence
and that was transparent
What is patient centered care? How can nurses be sure patients’ needs are
met?
How can the nurse assure that multidisciplinary needs are met for the
patient?
Understand the effects of culture and language on the provision of patient
centered care.
ADVOCACY:
Understand the premises of Patient Centered Care and the RN’s role in
providing it.
How do nurses advocate for their patients?
What are the primary goals of the Affordable Care Act?
Legislation aimed at increasing access to uninsured Americans to quality,
affordable care while reducing costs of unnecessary services
Goals:
Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law
provides consumers with subsidies (“premium tax credits”) that lower costs
