NUTR 313-Chapter 2-7 Questions and Answers

NUTR 313-Chapter 2-7 Questions and Answers Chapter 2 Which of the following foods is high in intrinsic sugars? You may select multiple answers. ● Yogurt, Milk, Fruit ● Added sugars that are highly concentrated in soft drinks, candy and baked desserts are extrinsic. Sugars that occur naturally in foods, is intrinsic. How many grams of carbohydrate each day are needed to meet the adequate intake? ● The adequate, or median daily carbohydrate intake for adults is 130 grams. ● 130 grams = 520 carbs calorie per day (1 gram of carbs = 4 calories) Match each plant fiber to its solubility characteristic ● Cellulose - (Insoluble) ● Lignin - (Insoluble) ● Resistant starch - (Insoluble) ● Pectin- Soluble - (Soluble) ● Beta-glucan - (Soluble) ● Mucilage - (Soluble) ● Fructan - (Soluble) Match each digestive activity to the gastrointestinal site in which is occurs. ● starch to polysaccharides (Mouth) ● facilitated diffusion of fructose (Small Intestine) ● active absorption of glucose (Small Intestine) ● viscous fiber fermented (Large Intestine) After a meal, the regulatory hormone ___ Insulin _____ initiates the uptake and biosynthesis of stored carbohydrates; whereas between meals, the counter regulatory hormone __glucagon__ initiates their catabolism. ● Insulin and glucagon work together to maintain glucose homeostasis. Insulin, is an anabolic hormone secreted after a meal to lower blood glucose; glucagon, is a catabolic hormone that is secreted between eating to increase blood glucose. If oxygen is not available in the cytosol for aerobic glycolysis, what metabolic byproduct accumulates? ● Lactate ● In the absence of oxygen, muscle contraction is sustained with the glycolytic system, which ends with lactate production Which organ is solely reliant on glycolysis for energy? ● Brain ● The brain, while around 2% total body weight, uses up to 20% of the glucose that is consumed in daily whole body cell respiration The primary glycogen storing organs are the _____________. ● Muscle and Liver ● The major glycogen storing organs are the muscle and the liver. Together they can store around 2500 calories worth of glycogen. This is equivalent to around 600 grams. Resistant starch is referred to as “pre-biotic” because it ______________ ? ● promotes pro-biotic gut bacteria ● Resistant starch is digestible to bacteria in the gut. These bacteria produce metabolic byproducts that are able to be used for energy by human GI cells and other intestinal microbes. Gastrointestinal bacteria metabolize resistant starches to yield what organic acid? ● butyric acid ● Butyric acid is an organic acid produced by bacterial fermentation of the indigestible, resistant starch passing though Chapter 3 What is the approximate range in daily fat intake (in grams) that corresponds to a 20-35% fat, 2000 calorie diet ? ● 25-75 ● 2000 x 20% = 400 calories from fat. Every 1 grams of fat = 9 calories, so 400/9 = 44 grams ● 2000 x 35% = 700 calories from fat. Every 1 gram of fat = 9 calories, so 700/9 = 78 grams Review the compositional data for flaxseed oil (image). Does the alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) in a one TBSP (15 grams) serving meet the .6-1.2% AMDR in a 2000 calorie diet? ● Y