NSG 6420 Final Exam Study Guide
1.Over 90% of patients in long term care are older than
65
2. The young old
65-74
3. the middle old
75-84
4.The old old
85-99
5.the elite old
100 or older
6.the fastest growing subgroup??
is the old old, sometimes referred to as the advanced older adult population
7.physical exam
yearly
8.Breast cancer
- self exam every month
- woman >50 mammogram Q2yrs.
9.Cervical Cancer
- Pelvic exam with PAP Q3yrs
10.Prostate (50 and older)
- PSA test Q year, digital exam Q year
11.testicular cancer
Self exam every month
12.Colorectal cancer (men and women)
- fecal occult blood test Q year
- sigmoidoscopy Q3-5 years
- colonoscopy Q 3-5 years
13.Skin Cancer
- clinical exam yearly
,14.oral cancer
- yearly with dental checkup
15.Oral cancer
Cancerous growths on the lips, tongue or elsewhere in the mouth.
Sores do not heal and will metastasize if not removed
16.Bone density
- every 2 years
17.Vision
- every year
18.
Immunnizations
- tetanus diptheria (every 10 years)
- FLU (every year)
- Pneumococcal PPV those who receive 1 dose before age 65 should receive another dose at age
65 or later if at least 5 years have elapsed
- zoster vaccine
19.
Genetic Theory
- holds that life span depends to a great extent on genetic factors
- genes within the organism control "genetic clock"
- genes determine metabolic rate and cell division
- wear and tear theory
20.
Immunity Theory
- focuses on the function of the immune system (composed of the bone marrow, thymus, spleen,
and lymph nodes
- decrease in thymus gland
- decrease in T cells
- nutrition plays an important role so there is a focus in vitamin supplements
- increase in autoimmunity, infection, cancer
21.
Cross linkage theory
- is a chemical reaction that produces damage to DNA and cell death
- as one ages cross links accumulates, leading to essential molecules in the cell binding together
and interfering with normal cell function
,22.
free radical theory
- formed during cellular metabolism, are molecules with separated high energy electrons, which
can have adverse effects on adjacent molecules
- accumulation of these free radicals causes cellular death
23.
KATZ
- Bathing: only help with a single part
- Ambulation:
- Toileting
- Transfers
- Eating
- Dressing
24.
Stages of Alzheimer's: Stage 1
- independent in ADLS
- Denies presents of symptoms
- Forgets names, misplaces household items
- short term memory loss, difficulty recalling new information
- subtle changes in behavior and personality
- mild cognitive impairment
- problems with judgement
- less engaged in social relationships
- decreased sense of smell
25.
Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 2
- impairment of all cognitive function
- unable to handle finances
- disorientation to time place and event
- possible depression and agitation
- increased dependence on ADLS
- visuospatial deficits
- difficulty driving, gets lost
- incontinent
- wandering, trouble sleeping
26.
Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 3
, - bedridden
- totally dependent in ADLS
- loss of facial recognition (agnosia)
- motor and verbal skills lost
- general neurologic deficit
27.
what can happen to dentures with aging
- the fit can change if the older adult loses weight, dentures are expensive so the elderly might
use the ill fitting dentures anyway or try and gum their food
28.
Older adults need an increased amount of what nutrients
- Calcium
- vitamin C,D,A
-
29.
Diminished senses can lead to what?
- diminished senses of taste and smell which can cause a loss of desire for food
30.
pre albumin
-15-36 gives you a marker for the last two days shows nutrition status more sensitive goes up
1mg/DL/day
31.
Albumin
3.5-5 protein for a couple weeks
32.
total lymphocyte count
- assess the immune function, malnutrition can suppress the immune system and make to pt more
susceptible to infection
- when the pt is malnourished the TLC is <1500
33.
geriatric failure to thrive
- under nutrition
- impaired physical functioning
- depression
- cognitive impairment
- drug therapy
1.Over 90% of patients in long term care are older than
65
2. The young old
65-74
3. the middle old
75-84
4.The old old
85-99
5.the elite old
100 or older
6.the fastest growing subgroup??
is the old old, sometimes referred to as the advanced older adult population
7.physical exam
yearly
8.Breast cancer
- self exam every month
- woman >50 mammogram Q2yrs.
9.Cervical Cancer
- Pelvic exam with PAP Q3yrs
10.Prostate (50 and older)
- PSA test Q year, digital exam Q year
11.testicular cancer
Self exam every month
12.Colorectal cancer (men and women)
- fecal occult blood test Q year
- sigmoidoscopy Q3-5 years
- colonoscopy Q 3-5 years
13.Skin Cancer
- clinical exam yearly
,14.oral cancer
- yearly with dental checkup
15.Oral cancer
Cancerous growths on the lips, tongue or elsewhere in the mouth.
Sores do not heal and will metastasize if not removed
16.Bone density
- every 2 years
17.Vision
- every year
18.
Immunnizations
- tetanus diptheria (every 10 years)
- FLU (every year)
- Pneumococcal PPV those who receive 1 dose before age 65 should receive another dose at age
65 or later if at least 5 years have elapsed
- zoster vaccine
19.
Genetic Theory
- holds that life span depends to a great extent on genetic factors
- genes within the organism control "genetic clock"
- genes determine metabolic rate and cell division
- wear and tear theory
20.
Immunity Theory
- focuses on the function of the immune system (composed of the bone marrow, thymus, spleen,
and lymph nodes
- decrease in thymus gland
- decrease in T cells
- nutrition plays an important role so there is a focus in vitamin supplements
- increase in autoimmunity, infection, cancer
21.
Cross linkage theory
- is a chemical reaction that produces damage to DNA and cell death
- as one ages cross links accumulates, leading to essential molecules in the cell binding together
and interfering with normal cell function
,22.
free radical theory
- formed during cellular metabolism, are molecules with separated high energy electrons, which
can have adverse effects on adjacent molecules
- accumulation of these free radicals causes cellular death
23.
KATZ
- Bathing: only help with a single part
- Ambulation:
- Toileting
- Transfers
- Eating
- Dressing
24.
Stages of Alzheimer's: Stage 1
- independent in ADLS
- Denies presents of symptoms
- Forgets names, misplaces household items
- short term memory loss, difficulty recalling new information
- subtle changes in behavior and personality
- mild cognitive impairment
- problems with judgement
- less engaged in social relationships
- decreased sense of smell
25.
Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 2
- impairment of all cognitive function
- unable to handle finances
- disorientation to time place and event
- possible depression and agitation
- increased dependence on ADLS
- visuospatial deficits
- difficulty driving, gets lost
- incontinent
- wandering, trouble sleeping
26.
Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 3
, - bedridden
- totally dependent in ADLS
- loss of facial recognition (agnosia)
- motor and verbal skills lost
- general neurologic deficit
27.
what can happen to dentures with aging
- the fit can change if the older adult loses weight, dentures are expensive so the elderly might
use the ill fitting dentures anyway or try and gum their food
28.
Older adults need an increased amount of what nutrients
- Calcium
- vitamin C,D,A
-
29.
Diminished senses can lead to what?
- diminished senses of taste and smell which can cause a loss of desire for food
30.
pre albumin
-15-36 gives you a marker for the last two days shows nutrition status more sensitive goes up
1mg/DL/day
31.
Albumin
3.5-5 protein for a couple weeks
32.
total lymphocyte count
- assess the immune function, malnutrition can suppress the immune system and make to pt more
susceptible to infection
- when the pt is malnourished the TLC is <1500
33.
geriatric failure to thrive
- under nutrition
- impaired physical functioning
- depression
- cognitive impairment
- drug therapy
