Summary lectures and cases PGZ2005 ‘Public Health Policy’
Het cijfer in de linker kolom zegt uit hoeveel delen het antwoord in de rechterkolom bestaat,
hierdoor kun je je hand op de rechterkolom houden en kijken of je het weet/het kopiëren naar WRTS
(optie: ** In gedachte) of TEACH2000.
Lecture 1 + 2
Public health (3) Preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting
health through the organized efforts of society
Policy cycle (4) Agenda setting, policy formulation,
implementation, evaluation
Policy triangle (4) Policy theories to analyze policy processes, PH
policy context (rational, political, institutional eg.
Economic factors), policy content (what the
policy is about), policy processes (the way
policies are implemented and formulated)
PH policy influences (3) Institutional context (formal and informal rules
(habits, routines)), knowledge, policy process
Rational vs. political vs. institutional Knowledge effects determining better tuning of
services vs. figures for your opinion an political
support vs. government tries to change norms
and values
Social security improvement by (3) State (welfare state), market or civil society
(citizen initiatives)
Policy instruments (3) Sanctions if you do (not), financial incentives
(employers pay lower premiums if they attract
disabled person), information to convince
Welfare states (3) Transfer of resources from strong to weaker
social group (solidarity), guarantee minimum
income (decommodification), reducing welfare
responsibilities of the family
Different types of welfare states (7) Liberal welfare state (tax-based, citizens self-
responsibility, minimization of
decommodification), social-democratic welfare
state (tax-based, more generous, decreasing
differences in income-levels), corporistic welfare
state (premium-based, large role for
independent employer and employee
organisations), southern welfare state
(tax/premium, reliance on family and voluntary
sector), radical/targeted (mainly aiming at
redistribution and no high expenditure levels),
Confucian (low levels of government
interventions, family responsible, strong
education and work ethic, Japan and Taiwan),
Eastern European (shift from universalism of
communist welfare state to marketism and
decentralization)
Solidarity (2) Active solidarity (citizens are expected to offer
active help), passive solidarity (citizens pay the
state to offer help
Crises in all welfare states (4) Lack of social integration of dependent people,
, expenditures to high, social security clients
become too dependent and inactive (
increased self-responsibility of citizens), state
agencies offer not tailored work reintegration
interventions
How decrease work-related illness (4) Labour inspectorate (state), Occupational Health
Services accessible for all workers (paid by
employer/state), education/training, periodic
risk assessment and medical examination
Bismarck welfare state (3) Insurance for employees, regulated by
government and agreed by employers,
premium-based
Beveridge welfare state (3) Welfare system, initiated and organized by state,
tax based
Lecture 3
Vocational expert Determines whether someone sick can continue
the job or not
When employee becomes sick (6) Employee contacts employer in case of sickness
absence problem analysis by occupational
physician in case of threatening disability
employer + employee make plan on work re-
integration) in case of problems: expert-
opinion from Social Insurance after 2 years:
re-integration file describing all steps taken to
promote re-integration in own organization
re-integration not possible: employer has to
help to find another job
Rational theory (4) Policy is made by selection of alternatives in
order to achieve goals or targets, easy to
understand by stakeholders
Policy formulation rational theory (6) Problem isolated, goals and values of policy-
maker are clarified, different alternatives to
reach goals are listed, analysis of consequences
of different alternatives is made, different
alternatives compared, best policy option is
chosen
Policy triangle rational theory (3) Decontextualized, one direction process with
few stakeholders, content directed by research
findings (evidence-based)
Policy cycle rational theory (2) Focuses primarily on policy formulation,
evaluation should focus on goals
Criticism rational theory (3) Making small steps from initial situation by
comparing only limited number of alternatives,
general scan of whole area regarding
alternatives and only specific scan of what is
needed, defining problem + developing policies
+ place on agenda at same time
Political theory (5) Society must be regarded as a polis with citizens
combining rational and irrational reasons,
power and tactics of stakeholders are
, important, defining problem is political, agenda
setting and formulation as fight of ideas and
opinions, complex
Tactics in the debate (2) Symbolic language (stories), numbers
Policy triangle political theory Contextualized (history), multi-directed process
with many stakeholders, content directed by
everything
Policy process political theory (2) Focuses on all steps, evaluation focused on
goals, process and stakeholder perspectives
Institutional theory (3) Emphasis on institutions (formal and informal
rules) to guide new policies, boundaries:
resisting change
New institutional theory
Policy triangle institutional theory (3) Context important, stakeholders have norms
and routines, content directed institutional
context
Policy process institutional theory (4) Agenda setting (problem definition influenced
by regulations, norms and beliefs (pluralism),
some are more powerful than others), policy
formulation (influenced by regulations, norms
and beliefs), implementation (innovations fail
because institutions are neglected in new
policy), evaluation (contradicting laws, norms,
values and beliefs?
Factors that influence absenteeism (5) Type of welfare state, socioeconomic status,
institutions (job security), demographic factors
(old people, women)
Maximalist vs. minimalist approach (2) Long list of instruments are provided not
arranged into smaller groups vs. list of
instruments divided in two or three categories
Choice approach when facing a problem (4) Market mechanisms (let the outcome depend
on what individuals decide to do, without any
interference or direction from the government),
structured options (create government
programs that individuals are free to use or not
as they see fit), biased options (devise
incentives and deterrents, so individuals will be
guided voluntarily toward the desired ends of
public policy), regulation (directly control,
backed by coercive powers of government)
Types of power (3) Coercive (physical sanctions, means),
remunerative (material resources, salaries,
wages, services), normative (symbolic rewards
and deprivations)
Types of instruments (3) Regulations (influence people by formulated
rules and directives), economic means (handing
out or taking away of material resources, eg.
Taxes), information (scientific knowledge,
judgements and recommendations)
Garbage can and incremental and root branch approach
Het cijfer in de linker kolom zegt uit hoeveel delen het antwoord in de rechterkolom bestaat,
hierdoor kun je je hand op de rechterkolom houden en kijken of je het weet/het kopiëren naar WRTS
(optie: ** In gedachte) of TEACH2000.
Lecture 1 + 2
Public health (3) Preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting
health through the organized efforts of society
Policy cycle (4) Agenda setting, policy formulation,
implementation, evaluation
Policy triangle (4) Policy theories to analyze policy processes, PH
policy context (rational, political, institutional eg.
Economic factors), policy content (what the
policy is about), policy processes (the way
policies are implemented and formulated)
PH policy influences (3) Institutional context (formal and informal rules
(habits, routines)), knowledge, policy process
Rational vs. political vs. institutional Knowledge effects determining better tuning of
services vs. figures for your opinion an political
support vs. government tries to change norms
and values
Social security improvement by (3) State (welfare state), market or civil society
(citizen initiatives)
Policy instruments (3) Sanctions if you do (not), financial incentives
(employers pay lower premiums if they attract
disabled person), information to convince
Welfare states (3) Transfer of resources from strong to weaker
social group (solidarity), guarantee minimum
income (decommodification), reducing welfare
responsibilities of the family
Different types of welfare states (7) Liberal welfare state (tax-based, citizens self-
responsibility, minimization of
decommodification), social-democratic welfare
state (tax-based, more generous, decreasing
differences in income-levels), corporistic welfare
state (premium-based, large role for
independent employer and employee
organisations), southern welfare state
(tax/premium, reliance on family and voluntary
sector), radical/targeted (mainly aiming at
redistribution and no high expenditure levels),
Confucian (low levels of government
interventions, family responsible, strong
education and work ethic, Japan and Taiwan),
Eastern European (shift from universalism of
communist welfare state to marketism and
decentralization)
Solidarity (2) Active solidarity (citizens are expected to offer
active help), passive solidarity (citizens pay the
state to offer help
Crises in all welfare states (4) Lack of social integration of dependent people,
, expenditures to high, social security clients
become too dependent and inactive (
increased self-responsibility of citizens), state
agencies offer not tailored work reintegration
interventions
How decrease work-related illness (4) Labour inspectorate (state), Occupational Health
Services accessible for all workers (paid by
employer/state), education/training, periodic
risk assessment and medical examination
Bismarck welfare state (3) Insurance for employees, regulated by
government and agreed by employers,
premium-based
Beveridge welfare state (3) Welfare system, initiated and organized by state,
tax based
Lecture 3
Vocational expert Determines whether someone sick can continue
the job or not
When employee becomes sick (6) Employee contacts employer in case of sickness
absence problem analysis by occupational
physician in case of threatening disability
employer + employee make plan on work re-
integration) in case of problems: expert-
opinion from Social Insurance after 2 years:
re-integration file describing all steps taken to
promote re-integration in own organization
re-integration not possible: employer has to
help to find another job
Rational theory (4) Policy is made by selection of alternatives in
order to achieve goals or targets, easy to
understand by stakeholders
Policy formulation rational theory (6) Problem isolated, goals and values of policy-
maker are clarified, different alternatives to
reach goals are listed, analysis of consequences
of different alternatives is made, different
alternatives compared, best policy option is
chosen
Policy triangle rational theory (3) Decontextualized, one direction process with
few stakeholders, content directed by research
findings (evidence-based)
Policy cycle rational theory (2) Focuses primarily on policy formulation,
evaluation should focus on goals
Criticism rational theory (3) Making small steps from initial situation by
comparing only limited number of alternatives,
general scan of whole area regarding
alternatives and only specific scan of what is
needed, defining problem + developing policies
+ place on agenda at same time
Political theory (5) Society must be regarded as a polis with citizens
combining rational and irrational reasons,
power and tactics of stakeholders are
, important, defining problem is political, agenda
setting and formulation as fight of ideas and
opinions, complex
Tactics in the debate (2) Symbolic language (stories), numbers
Policy triangle political theory Contextualized (history), multi-directed process
with many stakeholders, content directed by
everything
Policy process political theory (2) Focuses on all steps, evaluation focused on
goals, process and stakeholder perspectives
Institutional theory (3) Emphasis on institutions (formal and informal
rules) to guide new policies, boundaries:
resisting change
New institutional theory
Policy triangle institutional theory (3) Context important, stakeholders have norms
and routines, content directed institutional
context
Policy process institutional theory (4) Agenda setting (problem definition influenced
by regulations, norms and beliefs (pluralism),
some are more powerful than others), policy
formulation (influenced by regulations, norms
and beliefs), implementation (innovations fail
because institutions are neglected in new
policy), evaluation (contradicting laws, norms,
values and beliefs?
Factors that influence absenteeism (5) Type of welfare state, socioeconomic status,
institutions (job security), demographic factors
(old people, women)
Maximalist vs. minimalist approach (2) Long list of instruments are provided not
arranged into smaller groups vs. list of
instruments divided in two or three categories
Choice approach when facing a problem (4) Market mechanisms (let the outcome depend
on what individuals decide to do, without any
interference or direction from the government),
structured options (create government
programs that individuals are free to use or not
as they see fit), biased options (devise
incentives and deterrents, so individuals will be
guided voluntarily toward the desired ends of
public policy), regulation (directly control,
backed by coercive powers of government)
Types of power (3) Coercive (physical sanctions, means),
remunerative (material resources, salaries,
wages, services), normative (symbolic rewards
and deprivations)
Types of instruments (3) Regulations (influence people by formulated
rules and directives), economic means (handing
out or taking away of material resources, eg.
Taxes), information (scientific knowledge,
judgements and recommendations)
Garbage can and incremental and root branch approach
