PREVALENCE OF
ANAEMIA:AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY
OF NFHS REPORT
1
,1. INTRODUCTION
2. RECENT DATA SURVEY
3. NEED AND JUSTIFICATION
4. OBJECTIVE
5. BIOLOGY OF ANEMIA
6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ABOUT NFHS
7. ANALYSIS
8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
9. SUMMARY ,CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION
10. REFERENCE
,Introduction
Anemia is a nutritional Disorder that can create several problems in the
process of development and growth among the Population. Anemia or
low concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) is a condition in which the number
of red blood cells of the body is insufficient to meet physiological needs.
Iron deficiency is thought to be the most common cause of anemia
worldwide. Children, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women
are at high risk of developing anemia . Maternal anemia is associated
with maternal and child morbidity and mortality such, as increased risk of
miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, and low birth weight of the baby .
As it can be easily cured but still it found in our society because of
ignorance and illiteracy.
Anemia is characterized by hemoglobin (Hb) concentration being lower
than a specific threshold, and thus creating an impairment in meeting the
oxygen demands of tissues. It is a major public health problem with
around 1,620 million people worldwide diagnosed with anemia.
Generally, a quarter of the world’s population is considered anemic but
the prevalence of anemia varies considerably between high-income
countries (around 9%) and low-income countries (around 43%).Due to
physiological reasons, pregnant women, women of childbearing age and
young children are particularly vulnerable. Anemia has significant
implications in terms of mortality, as well as impaired work capacity and
economic development. Anemia during childhood has been linked to
growth delay, high risk of infections, and poor cognitive and motor
development, which may lead to loss of work productivity later in life. In
fact, anemia is among the top leading causes of disability-adjusted life
years lost among adolescents.
Chronic anemia has a negative effect on linear growth during all stages
of growth (infancy, childhood and adolescence). In addition, infants with
chronic IDA(Iron deficiency anemia ) have delayed cognitive, motor, and
affective development that may be long-lasting. The mechanisms of
defective growth in IDA includes defective IGF-I secretion( insulin-like
growth factor-1). Anemia can result from decreased erythrocyte
production or increased blood loss, either through hemolysis,
, bleeding or both. These are determined by nutritional,
infectious or genetic factors. Genetic factors are responsible for
hemoglobinopathies[a group of disorders passed down through
families (inherited)] , such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia,
while in some settings infectious diseases like malaria, soil-
transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis are major
contributors to anemia. Nutritional anemia results from
insufficient nutrients that are needed during Hb synthesis and
erythropoiesis( formation of red blood cells in blood-forming tissue).
These particularly include iron deficiency (assumed to be
responsible for 50% of all anemias), folic acid deficiency,
vitamin B12 deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and protein-energy
malnutrition. In addition, exposure to toxic heavy metals such
as lead and low levels of trace elements such as zinc and
copper can contribute to anemia. Recent literature also
suggests that lower levels of vitamin D can increase the risk of
anemia in school children.
METHEDOLOGY-
The datas from NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY 2,3 and 4 is
collected and several graphs were made to draw a conclusion
about prevalence of anemia among population.
A survey is done to check the knowledge regarding different aspects
of anemia among different people.
The recent data survey states that
In INDIA
India ranks 170 out of 180 countries for anemia among women,
according to global nutrition survey, 2016.
Anemia among children (aged 6-59 months) increased from
53.8% to 68.9% within the last five years, i.e. between NFHS-4
and NFHS-5. Similar jumps of 49.7% to 57.2% among
adolescent women (aged 15-19 years) and 47.9% to 54.5%
among non-pregnant women of reproductive age were
found. There were increases in the prevalence of anemia within
the male population as well.
About The National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
ANAEMIA:AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY
OF NFHS REPORT
1
,1. INTRODUCTION
2. RECENT DATA SURVEY
3. NEED AND JUSTIFICATION
4. OBJECTIVE
5. BIOLOGY OF ANEMIA
6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ABOUT NFHS
7. ANALYSIS
8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
9. SUMMARY ,CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION
10. REFERENCE
,Introduction
Anemia is a nutritional Disorder that can create several problems in the
process of development and growth among the Population. Anemia or
low concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) is a condition in which the number
of red blood cells of the body is insufficient to meet physiological needs.
Iron deficiency is thought to be the most common cause of anemia
worldwide. Children, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women
are at high risk of developing anemia . Maternal anemia is associated
with maternal and child morbidity and mortality such, as increased risk of
miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, and low birth weight of the baby .
As it can be easily cured but still it found in our society because of
ignorance and illiteracy.
Anemia is characterized by hemoglobin (Hb) concentration being lower
than a specific threshold, and thus creating an impairment in meeting the
oxygen demands of tissues. It is a major public health problem with
around 1,620 million people worldwide diagnosed with anemia.
Generally, a quarter of the world’s population is considered anemic but
the prevalence of anemia varies considerably between high-income
countries (around 9%) and low-income countries (around 43%).Due to
physiological reasons, pregnant women, women of childbearing age and
young children are particularly vulnerable. Anemia has significant
implications in terms of mortality, as well as impaired work capacity and
economic development. Anemia during childhood has been linked to
growth delay, high risk of infections, and poor cognitive and motor
development, which may lead to loss of work productivity later in life. In
fact, anemia is among the top leading causes of disability-adjusted life
years lost among adolescents.
Chronic anemia has a negative effect on linear growth during all stages
of growth (infancy, childhood and adolescence). In addition, infants with
chronic IDA(Iron deficiency anemia ) have delayed cognitive, motor, and
affective development that may be long-lasting. The mechanisms of
defective growth in IDA includes defective IGF-I secretion( insulin-like
growth factor-1). Anemia can result from decreased erythrocyte
production or increased blood loss, either through hemolysis,
, bleeding or both. These are determined by nutritional,
infectious or genetic factors. Genetic factors are responsible for
hemoglobinopathies[a group of disorders passed down through
families (inherited)] , such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia,
while in some settings infectious diseases like malaria, soil-
transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis are major
contributors to anemia. Nutritional anemia results from
insufficient nutrients that are needed during Hb synthesis and
erythropoiesis( formation of red blood cells in blood-forming tissue).
These particularly include iron deficiency (assumed to be
responsible for 50% of all anemias), folic acid deficiency,
vitamin B12 deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and protein-energy
malnutrition. In addition, exposure to toxic heavy metals such
as lead and low levels of trace elements such as zinc and
copper can contribute to anemia. Recent literature also
suggests that lower levels of vitamin D can increase the risk of
anemia in school children.
METHEDOLOGY-
The datas from NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY 2,3 and 4 is
collected and several graphs were made to draw a conclusion
about prevalence of anemia among population.
A survey is done to check the knowledge regarding different aspects
of anemia among different people.
The recent data survey states that
In INDIA
India ranks 170 out of 180 countries for anemia among women,
according to global nutrition survey, 2016.
Anemia among children (aged 6-59 months) increased from
53.8% to 68.9% within the last five years, i.e. between NFHS-4
and NFHS-5. Similar jumps of 49.7% to 57.2% among
adolescent women (aged 15-19 years) and 47.9% to 54.5%
among non-pregnant women of reproductive age were
found. There were increases in the prevalence of anemia within
the male population as well.
About The National Family Health Survey
(NFHS)
