NR 602 Midterm Exam Study Guide
Topics 26-30: Cryptosporidium, Pyloric stenosis, Intussusception, Celiac Disease,
& Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium is a parasite. This is a living organism that live sin, or on,
another organism. It can infect bowels and cause cryptosporidiosis. This is a form
of bowel infection called Gastroenteritis, which leads to diarrhea and vomiting.
In most healthy people, the infection produces a bout of watery diarrhea and will
go away within a week or two. Immunocompromised patients…This can be a life
-threatening disease.
SSX: The first SSx usually appear within the week after infection
Watery diarrhea
Dehydration
Lack of appetite
Weight loss
Stomach cramps
Fever
N/V
Some people infected will have no symptoms.
Preventing the spread with good hand hygiene, washing fruits and veggies, avoid
fecal exposure, avoid contaminated water
Symptoms usually resolve on their own
Pyloric Stenosis
Characterized by hypertrophied pyloric muscle, causing narrowing of the pyloric
sphincter.
Occurs in 3/1000 births
Males >females
Familial
Common in first born Caucasian males
Clinical findings:
, Regurgitation and NON projectile vomiting first few weeks of life
PROJECTILE vomiting at 2 to 3 weeks old
Insatiable appetite, with weight loss
Dehydration, constipation
Linked to erythromycin administration n first weeks of life
PE:
Weight loss
Vomit that can contain blood
A distinct “olive” mass that is often palpated in the epigastrium to the right
of the midline
Reverse peristalsis is seen
Diagnostics
US
Upper GI series shows a “string sign”
Management
Surgery (Pyloromyotomy) after correction of fluid balance
Prognosis is excellent
Intussusception
Thought to be the most frequent reason for intestinal obstruction in children
Most commonly occurs in children 5 to 10 months of age
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children 3 months to 6 yo
80% occur before age 2
Generally idiopathic in younger infants
Sometimes in older children, underlying medical predisposing factors: polyps,
Meckel diverticulum, constipation, lymphomas, lipomas, parasites, rotavirus,
adenovirus, and foreign bodies.
Can be a complication of CF.
Clinical Findings
Classic Triad: 1) intermittent colicky abdominal pain, 2) vomiting, 3) Bloody
mucous stools
Topics 26-30: Cryptosporidium, Pyloric stenosis, Intussusception, Celiac Disease,
& Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium is a parasite. This is a living organism that live sin, or on,
another organism. It can infect bowels and cause cryptosporidiosis. This is a form
of bowel infection called Gastroenteritis, which leads to diarrhea and vomiting.
In most healthy people, the infection produces a bout of watery diarrhea and will
go away within a week or two. Immunocompromised patients…This can be a life
-threatening disease.
SSX: The first SSx usually appear within the week after infection
Watery diarrhea
Dehydration
Lack of appetite
Weight loss
Stomach cramps
Fever
N/V
Some people infected will have no symptoms.
Preventing the spread with good hand hygiene, washing fruits and veggies, avoid
fecal exposure, avoid contaminated water
Symptoms usually resolve on their own
Pyloric Stenosis
Characterized by hypertrophied pyloric muscle, causing narrowing of the pyloric
sphincter.
Occurs in 3/1000 births
Males >females
Familial
Common in first born Caucasian males
Clinical findings:
, Regurgitation and NON projectile vomiting first few weeks of life
PROJECTILE vomiting at 2 to 3 weeks old
Insatiable appetite, with weight loss
Dehydration, constipation
Linked to erythromycin administration n first weeks of life
PE:
Weight loss
Vomit that can contain blood
A distinct “olive” mass that is often palpated in the epigastrium to the right
of the midline
Reverse peristalsis is seen
Diagnostics
US
Upper GI series shows a “string sign”
Management
Surgery (Pyloromyotomy) after correction of fluid balance
Prognosis is excellent
Intussusception
Thought to be the most frequent reason for intestinal obstruction in children
Most commonly occurs in children 5 to 10 months of age
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children 3 months to 6 yo
80% occur before age 2
Generally idiopathic in younger infants
Sometimes in older children, underlying medical predisposing factors: polyps,
Meckel diverticulum, constipation, lymphomas, lipomas, parasites, rotavirus,
adenovirus, and foreign bodies.
Can be a complication of CF.
Clinical Findings
Classic Triad: 1) intermittent colicky abdominal pain, 2) vomiting, 3) Bloody
mucous stools
