Saavedra and Silverman
IV - Exposure therapy to buttons
DV - his progress collected by self report measures
AIM
- to examine the role of classical conditioning in relation to fear and
avoidance of a particular stimulus.
- In the context of a specific phobia, researchers wanted to see if using a
type of exposure therapy could reduce the disgust and distress associated
with buttons
BACKGROUND STUDIES
PAVLOV DOG EXPERIMENT
➔ Classical conditioning- learning process in which a new stimulus, which
initially has no effect, becomes associated with another stimulus
◆ Before conditioning: unconditioned stimulus (food) → unconditioned
response
◆ Before conditioning: neutral stimulus (bell ringing) → no response
◆ During conditioning: unconditioned stimulus (food) + neutral
stimulus (bell ringing) → unconditioned response
◆ After conditioning: conditioned stimulus (bell ringing) →
conditioned response
, ➔ Creates a learned association
➔ Evaluative learning- a form of classical conditioning in which attitudes
towards stimuli are considered to be the product of complex thought
processes and emotions which lead an individual to perceive (evaluate) a
previously neutral stimuli, negatively
➔ All phobias are learned and good news is that it can be unlearned
RESEARCH METHOD - Case study
SAMPLE - 9 year old Hispanic American boy
- He had sought help from Child Anxiety and Phobia Program
- Florida International University, Miami
- Had phobia for 4 years!
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
❖ INFORMED CONSENT- Boy and mother
❖ PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY- his name does not appear anywhere in
the results.
ETHICAL ISSUES
❖ PSYCHOLOGICALLY DISTRESSING EXPOSURES
- The boy went through some really distressing exposures.
- But gets cancelled out as the procedure was with the intention to
help him with his phobia
IV - Exposure therapy to buttons
DV - his progress collected by self report measures
AIM
- to examine the role of classical conditioning in relation to fear and
avoidance of a particular stimulus.
- In the context of a specific phobia, researchers wanted to see if using a
type of exposure therapy could reduce the disgust and distress associated
with buttons
BACKGROUND STUDIES
PAVLOV DOG EXPERIMENT
➔ Classical conditioning- learning process in which a new stimulus, which
initially has no effect, becomes associated with another stimulus
◆ Before conditioning: unconditioned stimulus (food) → unconditioned
response
◆ Before conditioning: neutral stimulus (bell ringing) → no response
◆ During conditioning: unconditioned stimulus (food) + neutral
stimulus (bell ringing) → unconditioned response
◆ After conditioning: conditioned stimulus (bell ringing) →
conditioned response
, ➔ Creates a learned association
➔ Evaluative learning- a form of classical conditioning in which attitudes
towards stimuli are considered to be the product of complex thought
processes and emotions which lead an individual to perceive (evaluate) a
previously neutral stimuli, negatively
➔ All phobias are learned and good news is that it can be unlearned
RESEARCH METHOD - Case study
SAMPLE - 9 year old Hispanic American boy
- He had sought help from Child Anxiety and Phobia Program
- Florida International University, Miami
- Had phobia for 4 years!
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
❖ INFORMED CONSENT- Boy and mother
❖ PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY- his name does not appear anywhere in
the results.
ETHICAL ISSUES
❖ PSYCHOLOGICALLY DISTRESSING EXPOSURES
- The boy went through some really distressing exposures.
- But gets cancelled out as the procedure was with the intention to
help him with his phobia
