Lab 1: The Mystery Box [6 points]
1. As a researcher looking into the evolutionary relationship between three species, you utilized
the scientific method. The list of events below shows your research progress, but they are not in
order. Please label these events, 1 through 5, in the order that they would appear in the scientific
method. (2.5pts, 0.5pt each)
Events Order
You hypothesized that: “Species 1 is closely related to Species 2, but 2
not to Species 3.”
You published your results in a peer-reviewed journal. 5
You carried out DNA sequencing and obtained sequence data from 3
Species 1, 2, and 3.
You determined that Species 1 and 2 are in fact related evolutionarily. 4
Species 3 is not related to either.
You noticed a striking similarity between Species 1 and 2, but not 1
between Species 1 and 3.
2. Answer the below questions a to c that pertain to the graph shown below.
a) What is the independent variable in this experiment? (0.5pt)
Type of drugs used
b) What is the control in this experiment? (0.5pt)
Placebo
1
,c) If the number of test subjects that were given brincidofovir is 5 and the number of test subjects
that were given placebo were 500 can you conclude that brincidofovir is not an effective drug?
Explain your answer in one sentence. (1pt)
No, can’t conclude because sample size for brincidofovir is too low.
3. Identify which variables are independent and dependent in the below examples. (1.5pts, 0.5pt
each)
a) Hours spent studying and test score
Independent: hours spent studying
Dependent: test score
b) Body temperature and layers of clothing
Independent: layers of clothing
Dependent: body temperature
c) Pulse rate and caffeine intake
Independent: caffeine intake
Dependent: pulse rate
2
, Lab 2: Tree Building [6 points]
1. Match the following words with the correct definition: (2pts)
B Homoplasies A) Traits inherited from a common ancestor
D Phenogram B) Similar traits that developed
independently of a common ancestor
C Phylogeny C) Diagram used to classify organisms of
common genetic inheritance
A Homologies D) Diagram based on degree of similarity
2. A systematist is exploring a planet in another solar system and discovers the following four
interesting species. After being told that species "A" is very primitive, our systematist decides to
use it as outgroup for a phylogenetic analysis.
a) The following character matrix is scored (0 is absence and 1 is presence of the character) and
the following tree was drawn. Mark and label the appearance of all characters on the tree. (2.5pts,
0.5pt each)
Character A B C D
Eyes 1 1 1 1
Spines 0 1 0 0
Eyes on stalks 0 1 1 1
Feet 0 0 1 1
Antennae 0 0 0 1
eyes
3
1. As a researcher looking into the evolutionary relationship between three species, you utilized
the scientific method. The list of events below shows your research progress, but they are not in
order. Please label these events, 1 through 5, in the order that they would appear in the scientific
method. (2.5pts, 0.5pt each)
Events Order
You hypothesized that: “Species 1 is closely related to Species 2, but 2
not to Species 3.”
You published your results in a peer-reviewed journal. 5
You carried out DNA sequencing and obtained sequence data from 3
Species 1, 2, and 3.
You determined that Species 1 and 2 are in fact related evolutionarily. 4
Species 3 is not related to either.
You noticed a striking similarity between Species 1 and 2, but not 1
between Species 1 and 3.
2. Answer the below questions a to c that pertain to the graph shown below.
a) What is the independent variable in this experiment? (0.5pt)
Type of drugs used
b) What is the control in this experiment? (0.5pt)
Placebo
1
,c) If the number of test subjects that were given brincidofovir is 5 and the number of test subjects
that were given placebo were 500 can you conclude that brincidofovir is not an effective drug?
Explain your answer in one sentence. (1pt)
No, can’t conclude because sample size for brincidofovir is too low.
3. Identify which variables are independent and dependent in the below examples. (1.5pts, 0.5pt
each)
a) Hours spent studying and test score
Independent: hours spent studying
Dependent: test score
b) Body temperature and layers of clothing
Independent: layers of clothing
Dependent: body temperature
c) Pulse rate and caffeine intake
Independent: caffeine intake
Dependent: pulse rate
2
, Lab 2: Tree Building [6 points]
1. Match the following words with the correct definition: (2pts)
B Homoplasies A) Traits inherited from a common ancestor
D Phenogram B) Similar traits that developed
independently of a common ancestor
C Phylogeny C) Diagram used to classify organisms of
common genetic inheritance
A Homologies D) Diagram based on degree of similarity
2. A systematist is exploring a planet in another solar system and discovers the following four
interesting species. After being told that species "A" is very primitive, our systematist decides to
use it as outgroup for a phylogenetic analysis.
a) The following character matrix is scored (0 is absence and 1 is presence of the character) and
the following tree was drawn. Mark and label the appearance of all characters on the tree. (2.5pts,
0.5pt each)
Character A B C D
Eyes 1 1 1 1
Spines 0 1 0 0
Eyes on stalks 0 1 1 1
Feet 0 0 1 1
Antennae 0 0 0 1
eyes
3
