Anatomy Physiology 7th Edition By Patton Thibodeau - Test Bank

Anatomy Physiology 7th Edition By Patton Thibodeau – Test Bank Chapter 3: Anatomy of Cells Test Bank TRUE/FALSE 1. Mature cells that comprise the human body are highly specialized and complex. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 67 TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells 2. An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 69 (Table 3-3) TOP: Cell Membrane 3. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Peroxisomes 4. The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water-loving. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 70 TOP: Cell Membrane 5. Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins to be exported out of the cell. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 73 TOP: Rough ER 6. The functions of the nucleus are regulated by RNA. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 7. The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Connections8. Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 | Page 84 TOP: Cell Connections 9. Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Connections 10. The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of activity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 11. The cell’s internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 79 TOP: Cytoskeleton 12. The size of a cell’s nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 13. Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Connections 14. Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Connections 15. Cilia are longer and more numerous than flagella. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 82 TOP: Cell Extensions 16. Nucleic acid is DNA. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 17. The thinnest cell fibers are tiny, hollow tubes called microtubules. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 79 | Page 80 TOP: Cell Fibers18. The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 70 TOP: Cell Membrane 19. Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 20. Light microscopy is inferior to electron microscopy. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 80 (Figure 3-15) TOP: Cell Fibers 21. The “typical” cell described in Chapter 3 is very similar to most of the cells in the human body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 68 TOP: The Typical Cell 22. The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 69 (Table 3-3) TOP: Cell Structures 23. Water-soluble substances easily pass through the cell membrane. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 71 TOP: Cell Membrane 24. Glycoproteins on the cell membrane would prevent someone with type A blood from accepting type B blood. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 72 TOP: Cell Membrane 25. Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 73 TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum 26. Proteins in the cell membrane can control the movement of material through the cell membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 72 TOP: Cell Membrane 27. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that supplies membrane material for use throughout the cell.ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum 28. Ribosomes are only found attached to endoplasmic reticulum. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 29. The main function of the ribosome is to provide energy to the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 30. The Golgi apparatus helps to prepare material for export from the cell. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Golgi Apparatus 31. The protein-processing units of the Golgi apparatus are called cisterna. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Golgi Apparatus 32. In certain situations, cells “commit suicide.” This function would be carried out by the lysosomes. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 76 TOP: Lysosomes 33. The catalase in the peroxisomes reacts to detoxify carbon dioxide. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Peroxisomes 34. The inner folds of the mitochondria are called cisterna. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 35. It is likely that a muscle cell would have more mitochondria than a fat cell. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 36. One of the main functions of the mitochondria is to supply the cell with ATP. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 37. The name nucleus comes from the Greek word for color.ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 38. Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 39. Muscles contain a high concentration of microtubules. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 80 TOP: Cell Fibers 40. The body of a female does not produce cells with flagella. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions 41. Schleiden and Schwann were the first scientists to see cells. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 67 TOP: Introduction 42. The largest human cell is the female ovum or egg cell. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 67 TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells 43. Another term for cytosol is intracellular fluid. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 69 TOP: Cell Structures 44. The fluid mosaic model describes the chromatin material found in the nucleus. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 70 TOP: Cell Membrane 45. One function of the smooth ER is to help maintain a low Ca++ concentration in the cell’s interior. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum 46. A major part of ribosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 47. The proteasomes contain enzymes that assist in protein synthesis.ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Proteasomes 48. Proteasomes only destroy abnormal or misfolded proteins in the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Proteasomes 49. Small proteins called ubiquitins assist the proteasomes in accomplishing their function. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Proteasomes 50. An organelle called a vault, composed of RNA and protein, functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 79 (Box 3-2) TOP: Vaults 51. An angstrom is larger than a nanometer. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 67 (Table 3-1) TOP: Units of Size 52. Two types of lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol, are important molecules in the cell membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 70 TOP: Cell Membrane 53. Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 71 TOP: Membrane Structure 54. Hormones attach to special cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 72 TOP: Membrane Function 55. Three ribosomal subunits must come together to form a functioning ribosome. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 56. Many ribosomes can work on the same mRNA strand at the same time; when this occurs, the structure is called a polyribosome.ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 57. A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 58. In order for the Golgi apparatus to function correctly, both the ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum must be functioning also. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 74 | Page 75 TOP: Golgi Apparatus 59. Muscular dystrophy is a disease condition that can be linked to the malfunctioning of proteasomes. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Proteasomes 60. The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 61. Another name for the centrosome is the microtubule organizing center. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 80 TOP: Centrosomes 62. The centriole is a single cylindrical structure at the boundary of the centrosome. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 81 TOP: Centrosomes 63. Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads form one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 81 | Page 82 TOP: Molecular Motors 64. All of the cell extensions—microvilli, cilia, and flagella—have basically the same structure. They only differ in number per cell and length. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 82 | Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions 65. Primary cilia are unable to move because they lack the central pair of microtubules and motor molecules.ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 82 | Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a(n):A. atom. B. cell. C. gene. D. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 67 TOP: Introduction 2. Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 67 (Table 3-2) TOP: Examples of Cell Types 3. Main cell structures include all of the following except:ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 69 TOP: Cell Structures 4. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 69 (Table 3-3) TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions 5. The structure in white blood cells associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign material is the:A. A. lysosome. B. Golgi apparatus. C. D. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Lysosomes ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Ribosomes 7. The organelles that can digest and destroy microbes that invade the cell are:B. B. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 76 TOP: Lysosomes 8. Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 74 TOP: Golgi Apparatus 9. Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are: cilia. flagella. C. microvilli. D. microtubules. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 82 | Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions 10. Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: NucleusC . C . ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Connections 12. The major energy production site of the cell is the: ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 77 TOP: Mitochondria 13. The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is: A. cilia. flagella. microvilli.D. D. D. desmosomes. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 82 | Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions 14. A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 83 TOP: Cell Extensions 15. DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?E . E . ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 78 TOP: Nucleus 16. An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called: ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 80 TOP: Centrosome 17. The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: Golgi apparatus. plasma membrane. cytoplasm