PHI 103 QUIZ 2 (2 VERSIONS) | RATED 100%

PHI 103 QUIZ 2 (2 VERSIONS) | RATED 100%PHI 103 QUIZ 2 VERSION 1 Question 1 1 / 1 pts “A mammals is any creatures that breathe air, have hair, and breast-feed its young. Dolphins breathe air, have hair, and breast-feed their young. Therefore, dolphins are mammals.” This argument is __________. a mathematical argument an inductive argument an explanation an argument from definition Question 2 1 / 1 pts Which of the following would be a sound argument? A valid argument with almost all true premises. An argument with all true premises. A valid argument with all true premises. An argument in which the conclusion is definitely true. an argument that just makes sense Question 3 1 / 1 pts Inductive arguments are evaluated in terms of __________. validity soundness invalidity strength Question 4 1 / 1 pts If an argument is valid, which of the following cannot be true? all of its premises are true its conclusion is false all of its premises are true and its conclusion is false the argument is unsound Question 5 1 / 1 pts This is the term that one uses to describe a sample that aligns well with the larger group one is studying. Valid Statistical Representative Skewed Question 6 1 / 1 pts A valid argument is __________. an argument in which it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion an argument with true premises and a false conclusion an argument in which it is possible to have true premises and a true conclusion an argument that necessarily has true premises and a true conclusion all of these Question 7 1 / 1 pts “I once went to a football game, and my team lost. So, the next time I go to one of their games they will lose again.” This is an example of a __________. strong inductive argument valid inductive argument sound deductive argument weak inductive argument Question 8 1 / 1 pts Inductive arguments aim for this type of connection between their premises and conclusions. A true connection A probable connection A methodological connection An absolute connection Question 9 1 / 1 pts In the “What is a ‘Strong’ Argument?” video, what is the line at which we call an argument logically strong? There is no strict line at which inductive arguments become strong; it is a matter of context. It is strong if it confers a 90% likelihood on its conclusion. It is only truly strong if the conclusion is absolutely certain. It has all true premises and the conclusion is likely. Question 10 1 / 1 pts How do we know that the conclusion of a sound argument is true? we don’t, some sound arguments have false conclusions it is highly probable if the argument is strong enough the fact that it is true follows from the definition of soundness it is part of the definition of soundness Question 11 1 / 1 pts What type of inductive reasoning is the following argument? “My finance guy says that I should put my money in mutual funds, so I should.” Statistical syllogism Argument from authority Inductive generalization This is not an inductive argument. Question 12 1 / 1 pts “There is strong evidence for this thesis, so it is likely to be true.” This passage describes _____. a mathematical argument an inductive argument a categorical argument an argument by definition Question 13 1 / 1 pts What type of inductive argument is the following example? “I liked Chinese food last week, so I will probably like it this time as well.” Argument from analogy Inductive generalization Statistical Syllogism Inference to the best explanation Question 14 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is true about inductive reasoning versus deductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning is always preferable. Inductive reasoning is always preferable. Inductive reasoning is sometimes preferable. One should only use inductive reasoning if one can’t find a valid argument. The answer can be found in Section 6.1, “Contrasting Deduction and Induction,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT one of the correct descriptions of what it means for an argument to valid? if all of the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false the reasoning is correct and all of the premises are in fact true that it is logically impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion Question 16 1 / 1 pts Inductive arguments should not be characterized as __________. weak very weak valid strong Question 17 1 / 1 pts What type of inductive argument is the following example? “Most people who play the slots lose. Mike is playing the slots, so he is probably losing.” Argument from analogy Inductive generalization Statistical syllogism Inference to the best explanation Question 18 1 / 1 pts Consider the following argument. I studied for the test. Therefore, I will pass the class. Which of the following additional premises would most make this argument stronger? I have gotten good grades on all of the tests and papers so far in the class I feel really confident The teacher is a nice guy If I don’t pass I will complain to the administration Question 19 1 / 1 pts An argument is deductive __________. if it moves from the general to the particular if it moves from the particular to the general if it presents itself in relation to a hypothesis if it presents itself as being valid none of these Question 20 1 / 1 pts What type of inductive argument is the following example? “Both times I’ve bet on the Celtics they’ve lost. So, they are a bad team to bet on.” Argument from analogy Inductive generalization Statistical syllogism Inference to the best explanation Quiz Score: 19 out of 20 PreviousNext VERSION 2 College graduates report having happier lives than those who haven’t attended college. College graduates also tend to make more money than others. Therefore, everyone can benefit from a college education. Even Einstein went to college. True or False: The statement, “everyone can benefit from a college education,” is the conclusion. (Points : 1) True False Question 2.2. Since all philosophers are seekers of truth, it follows that no evil human is a seeker after truth, since no philosophers are evil humans. True or False: The statement, “no evil human is a seeker after truth,” is the conclusion. (Points : 1) True False Question 3.3. Joe must make a lot of money teaching philosophy, since most philosophy professors are rich. True or False: There is no conclusion in these two propositions. (Points : 1) True False Question 4.4. I know that Stephen has a lot of money. His parents drive Mercedes. His dogs wear cashmere sweaters, and he paid cash for his Hummer. True or False: The statement, “His parents drive Mercedes,” is the conclusion of the argument. (Points : 1) True False Question 5.5. How can you like dogs better than cats? They are stinky and annoying, and they will eat you out of house and home! Which of the following most likely describes the implied conclusion of the speaker? (Points : 1) Dogs are better than cats Neither cats nor dogs is better Cats are better than dogs Pet preference is all a matter of opinion Question 6.6. Some apples are not bananas. Some bananas are things that are yellow. Therefore, some things that are yellow are not apples. True or False: The statement, “Some bananas are things that are yellow,” is a premise. (Points : 1) True False Question 7.7. Unicorns have fur and breathe air. They also look almost exactly like horses. So unicorns are mammals. True or False: This argument has 1 premise. (Points : 1) True False Question 8.8. All dogs are warm-blooded. All warm-blooded creatures are mammals. Hence, all dogs are mammals. True or False: The sentence, “Hence, all dogs are mammals,” is a premise in this argument. (Points : 1) True False Question 9.9. It’s December; you should take a coat with you. Even though it’s warm now, it could easily get cold later. True or False: The statement, “it could get cold later,” is the conclusion of the argument. (Points : 1) True False Question 10.10. If companies are allowed to compete freely with no regulation, then only the most profitable will survive. But the most profitable businesses will be those that value profit above all else. Such companies will thus be unlikely to contribute to the common good. So a country focused on providing for the common good must regulate businesses. True or False: There is no conclusion in this passage. (Points : 1) True False