BIO 304-Population Biology and Evolution – Exam 3

BIO 304-Population Biology and Evolution – Exam 3 . What evolutionary force is responsible for adaptations? a. Mutation b. Drift c. Selection d. Migration e. All of the above f. None of the above 2. Why do males often compete for access to females more than females compete for access to males? a. Males invest less in reproduction. b. In most species, access to mates limits male reproduction more often than access to mates limits female reproduction. c. Both are true. d. Neither are true. 3. A plot of nose hair length in a class of college students (the Y-axis) compared to the average length of their parent’s nose hair has a slope of 0.8 indicates that ________________. a. nose hair length is inherited but not heritable b. nose hair length is genetically determined but not heritable c. longer nose hair is favored by natural selection d. nose hair length has a heritability of 0.2 e. nose hair length is likely show a response to natural selection f. most of the variation in nose hair length is due to the environment 4. Referring to the preceding question, if R = h2S and you measure a selection differential on nose hair length to be -0.5 mm, then in one generation you would predict ___________________. a. nose hair length to increase by 0.2 mm b. nose hair length to increase by 0.4 mm c. nose hair length to decrease by 0.1 mm d. nose hair length to decrease by 0.2 mm e. nose hair length to decrease by 0.4 mm f. nose hair length to increase by 0.1 mm g. nose hair length to stay about the same 5. Adam Jones and colleagues (2000) studied the mating behaviors of broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) in a laboratory situation. For which sex is sexual selection a more potent evolutionary force? a. Females b. Males c. Both sexes are under equal sexual selection pressure. d. Neither sex is under sexual selection pressure. 6. True or false: Sexual dimorphism is always the result of sexual selection. a. True b. False Number of Mates Number of Offspring R = h 2 S = (0.8)(-0.5) = - 4 mm BIO 304 Spring 2017 Population Biology and Evolution – Exam 3 Page 2 of 10 7. The figures at right illustrate some results of Schemske and Agren’s studies of flower size in Begonia. These data indicate that ________________________. a. Bees prefer small flowers b. Bees prefer large flowers c. Flower size in Begonia is shaped by directional selection for large flowers d. Flower size in Begonia is constrained by a trade-off between flower size and flower numbers per inflorescence e. All of the above are true f. None of the above are true g. Choices b, c, d are true h. Choices a, c, d are true 8. What does QTL stand for? a. Qualitative trait loci b. Quantitative tall loci c. Quantitative trait loci d. Quiet trait loci 9. Heritability can be determined by _________________________. a. the square of additive genetic variance b. the fraction of phenotypic variance due to environmental variation c. the slope of the mid-parent-offspring regression line d. the Y-intercept of the mid-parent-offspring regression line e. the slope of the regression line relating relative fitness to trait value 10. Which of the following is the expression for broad-sense heritability? a. VE/VP b. VE/VG c. VA/VP d. VG/VP 11. Bdelloid rotifers ________________________________. a. have both sexual and asexual reproduction b. are hermaphroditic, individuals are both male and female. c. can switch from male to female d. are asexual 12. For which of the following would you recommend the use of Felsenstein’s method of independent contrasts? a. An observational study to determine if the amount of preening in individual birds of a single species is correlated with the number of external parasites carried by those individuals. b. A comparison amon