51. Even though phobias may interfere with an individual’s functioning, only the most severe cases come
for treatment. Why?
a. Affected people tend to arrange their life to avoid the phobic object or situation.
b. Less extreme phobias tend to fade over time without treatment.
c. The continuing shame and stigma surrounding mental disorders results in affected people
avoiding treatment.
d. Most people with less severe cases tend to believe their fears are normal and reasonable.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
52. Which of the following “normal” childhood fears correctly matches the corresponding approximate
age of onset?
a. age ten: fear of evaluation by others and anxiety over physical appearance
b. age five: fear of separation from parents, of animals, and of the dark
c. age four: fear of loud noises and strangers
d. infancy: fear of monsters and other imaginary creatures
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
53. A culture-bound syndrome in Chinese cultures is known as Pa-leng. What characterizes those who
have this disorder?
a. They appear naked in public.
b. They wear many layers of clothing.
c. They exercise compulsively.
d. They hoard food.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
54. Which of the following is an example of how a phobia may develop?
a. experiencing a panic attack in a variety of settings
b. observing someone else experience severe fear
c. inheriting a gene related to the phobia
d. having a terrifying experience and not talking about it very much
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Higher Order
55. A man who has an extreme snake phobia was told repeatedly as a child about the dangers of snakes in
high grass. He also was encouraged to wear rubber boots to protect himself, even on city streets. What
mode of developing a phobia does this example illustrate?
a. adaptive preparedness
b. interoceptive communication
c. developmental shaping
d. information transmission
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Higher Order
56. What psychological disorder in children is characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that
something will happen to the child’s parents, and may result in a child refusing to leave home?
a. separation anxiety
, b. school phobia
c. situational phobia
d. globus hystericus
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 147 BLM: Remember
57. Which of the following would be considered an example of social phobia?
a. a student who is reluctant to ride in elevators
b. a male who has difficulty urinating in a public washroom when others are present
c. an individual who is invited to a party but decides to stay home because she’s afraid of
having a panic attack there
d. a person who has a fear of blood
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 148–149 BLM: Higher Order
58. What is the approximate sex ratio of individuals who experience social phobia at some point in their
lives?
a. Slightly more males than females experience social phobia.
b. About twice as many males as females experience social phobia.
c. Slightly more females than males experience social phobia.
d. About three times as many females as males experience social phobia.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
59. What is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population?
a. panic disorder
b. agoraphobia
c. school phobia
d. social phobia
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
60. At what age does social phobia usually begin, and when does it end?
a. It usually begins in young adulthood and ends in middle age.
b. It usually begins in childhood and ends in middle age.
c. It usually begins in middle age and ends in old age.
d. It usually begins in adolescence and ends in old age.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
for treatment. Why?
a. Affected people tend to arrange their life to avoid the phobic object or situation.
b. Less extreme phobias tend to fade over time without treatment.
c. The continuing shame and stigma surrounding mental disorders results in affected people
avoiding treatment.
d. Most people with less severe cases tend to believe their fears are normal and reasonable.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
52. Which of the following “normal” childhood fears correctly matches the corresponding approximate
age of onset?
a. age ten: fear of evaluation by others and anxiety over physical appearance
b. age five: fear of separation from parents, of animals, and of the dark
c. age four: fear of loud noises and strangers
d. infancy: fear of monsters and other imaginary creatures
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
53. A culture-bound syndrome in Chinese cultures is known as Pa-leng. What characterizes those who
have this disorder?
a. They appear naked in public.
b. They wear many layers of clothing.
c. They exercise compulsively.
d. They hoard food.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Remember
54. Which of the following is an example of how a phobia may develop?
a. experiencing a panic attack in a variety of settings
b. observing someone else experience severe fear
c. inheriting a gene related to the phobia
d. having a terrifying experience and not talking about it very much
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Higher Order
55. A man who has an extreme snake phobia was told repeatedly as a child about the dangers of snakes in
high grass. He also was encouraged to wear rubber boots to protect himself, even on city streets. What
mode of developing a phobia does this example illustrate?
a. adaptive preparedness
b. interoceptive communication
c. developmental shaping
d. information transmission
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 145 BLM: Higher Order
56. What psychological disorder in children is characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that
something will happen to the child’s parents, and may result in a child refusing to leave home?
a. separation anxiety
, b. school phobia
c. situational phobia
d. globus hystericus
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 147 BLM: Remember
57. Which of the following would be considered an example of social phobia?
a. a student who is reluctant to ride in elevators
b. a male who has difficulty urinating in a public washroom when others are present
c. an individual who is invited to a party but decides to stay home because she’s afraid of
having a panic attack there
d. a person who has a fear of blood
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 148–149 BLM: Higher Order
58. What is the approximate sex ratio of individuals who experience social phobia at some point in their
lives?
a. Slightly more males than females experience social phobia.
b. About twice as many males as females experience social phobia.
c. Slightly more females than males experience social phobia.
d. About three times as many females as males experience social phobia.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
59. What is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population?
a. panic disorder
b. agoraphobia
c. school phobia
d. social phobia
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
60. At what age does social phobia usually begin, and when does it end?
a. It usually begins in young adulthood and ends in middle age.
b. It usually begins in childhood and ends in middle age.
c. It usually begins in middle age and ends in old age.
d. It usually begins in adolescence and ends in old age.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 150 BLM: Remember
