In the 19th and early 20th centuries, BC’s economy was fueled predominantly by the
forestry, mining, agriculture and fishing industries, dependent on BC’s abundance of natural
resources. Timber, minerals, and fish were among some of the resources most significant to BC’s
economy. In the early 18th century as small logging companies started to cut down trees, the
sawmill was established to cut down timber for export. With the construction of the Canadian
Pacific Railway, lumber exports to Eastern Canada and worldwide majorly increased. Over the
next several decades, the timber industry grew as new innovations were introduced, and BC’s
timber industry became more efficient and effective. With such a high demand, by the late
1920s BC was producing half of Canada's annual cut of timber, and yielding a fair amount to
BC’s growing economy. Along with the timber industry, BC’s agriculture industry contributed
significantly to the economy. With the vast lands for farming, livestock, and crops, agriculture
was a high supplier to the economy. British Columbia’s fishing industry has also contributed a
great amount to the economy. As settlers moved to BC, they realized the value of the fish, along
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with how fish could also be a resource sold to consumers worldwide. The introduction of
canning proved to be a huge establishment in the fishing industry, as fish could be kept fresh by
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the time it reached the market. With this innovation and the efficiency of the fish industry, sales
were being made to places all around the world, growing and strengthening British Columbia’s
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economy even more. Finally, BC’s rich mineral wealth launched the economy to its full height.
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Gold, being the most valuable mineral in the early days led to the initial creation of British
Columbia’s economy. But once the gold disappeared, coal became the most important and
significant mineral to the economy, being an extremely valuable and sought out material for use
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as a fuel in the industrial age. Along with coal, an immense supply of silver, lead, copper, and
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zinc was later found in the Kootenays. Mines added to the already wealthy mineral market with
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the new-found abundance of precious metals. All in all, BC’s economy began with forestry,
mining, and fishing industries due to the fact that British Columbia has a rich and abundant
variety and supply of natural resources.
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British Columbia has undergone many transformations in the economy since the 19 th
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and 20th centuries. There are more diverse types of goods, services, and resources available
to fulfill the needs of the progressively increasing multicultural population. With the growing
diverse community, the economy has changed by having better relations with other
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countries. For example, linkages with Asia Pacific are creating many new business
opportunities. There have also been many changes in technology, with all the new inventions,
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innovations, and establishments in each industry. With new vehicles that serve as more
efficient transportation, and more productive machinery, industries are more effective. Also
with the numerous variety of industries now available, British Columbia is not solely
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dependent on the resource based industries anymore, forestry, mining, agriculture and
fishing. The economy is much stronger, and has been able to grow and evolve to the booming
economy it is today.
As British Columbia’s economy has undergone many major transformations to
become how it is today, it can be inferred that it will only change more as years pass.
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