NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid Term Exam 2021

1. A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Answer: B a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL c. Sodium 149 mEq/L d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L 2. A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Answer: B a. Iron b. Iodine c. Zinc d. Magnesium 3. In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Answer: C a. Women older than 45 years of age b. Women who have never had children c. Women who have high body mass index d. Women who have smoked for more than 10 years 4. A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Answer: D a. Chemical mediators, such as histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin, produce abdominal pain. b. Edema and vascular congestion produce abdominal pain by stretching. c. Ischemia, caused by distention of bowel obstruction or mesenteric vessel thrombosis, produce abdominal pain. d. Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. 5. What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Answer: B a. Salivation becomes thinner b. Salivation decreases c. The pH of saliva changes d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited 6. A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Answer: B a. Competes with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted b. Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen c. Destroys the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen d. Removes iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 7. A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Answer: C a. A prolonged ST interval b. Variability in measurement with heart rate c. PR interval measuring 0.28 sec d. A QRS complex measuring 0.08 sec 8. Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Answer: B a. Primary b. Secondary c. Exogenous d. Inflammatory 9. What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Answer: D a. To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer b. To treat certain types of cancer c. To predict where cancer will develop d. To scree individuals at high risk for cancer 10. A patient is in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Answer: B a. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone b. Hyper secretion of aldosterone c. Brief bouts of vomiting or diarrhea d. Excessive diuretic therapy