PHI 103 QUIZ 4 | RATED 100%

PHI 103 QUIZ 4 | RATED 100%PHI 103 QUIZ 4 Question 1 1 / 1 pts The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation: Is it indubitably true? Does it help us explain other phenomena as well? Is there proof of it? Does the result seem important? Question 2 1 / 1 pts This philosopher claimed that science should focus on falsifiability rather than confirmation. Karl Popper Friedrich Nietzsche Ludwig Wittgenstein Galileo Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which of these is one of the steps of the hypothetico-deductive method? Formulating a hypothesis. Deductive proof Rejecting the assumptions Manipulating the data Question 4 1 / 1 pts The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes did which of the following: Claimed to use abductive reasoning while actually using deductive reasoning Only used deductive reasoning Claimed to use deductive reasoning while actually using abductive reasoning Tended not to use much in the way of reasoning at all Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which of these describes what we are inclined to believe about the most likely explanations of our observations? People tend to believe whatever sounds the most scientific People tend to believe what agrees with what they already believed People tend not to make inferences about what explains their observations People tend to come up with explanations for their experiences only after extensive testing Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which one of the following is most likely to be an inference to the best explanation? “Most men like sports; so, Mike probably does too.” “Unicorns can’t exist since they’ve never been discovered.” “I just painted, so it will be dry in a few hours.” “My car won’t start; it’s probably the battery.” Question 7 1 / 1 pts This is the theory that, when there are multiple possible explanations of an event or phenomenon, the simplest is the best. Psychological egoism Inductive generalization Descartes’s dilemma Occam’s razor Question 8 1 / 1 pts Inference to the best explanation can also be called __________. deductive reasoning abductive reasoning inductive reasoning productive reasoning Question 9 1 / 1 pts Inference to the best explanation is often expressed in which invalid argumentative form? Denying the antecedent Affirming the consequent Denying the consequent Affirming the antecedent Question 10 1 / 1 pts This form of argument is an inductive form that reasons from the general to the specific. Modus ponens Statistical syllogism Hypothetical syllogism Inductive generalization Question 11 1 / 1 pts Is the following argument deductive or inductive? “The data continue to align with what one would expect if P were true. Therefore, P may be true.” Inductive Deductive Neither deductive nor deductive Question 12 1 / 1 pts Deductive arguments have this weakness when compared to inductive arguments. They are not valid They involve reasoning from the general to the particular They can be persuasive even when they are unsound They lose their power to convince when they are shown to be unsound Question 13 1 / 1 pts Using the hypothetico-deductive method how does one go about trying to test a hypothesis? One deduces a consequence from it and tests whether it occurs. One seeks tests that will verify its truth. One avoids situations in which the hypothesis might fail. One changes the hypothesis to fit the data. Question 14 0 / 1 pts This form of inductive argument moves from the general to the specific: You Answered inductive generalization statistical syllogism argument from authority deductive argument The answer can be found in Section 6.1, “Contrasting Deduction and Induction,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not one of the advantages listed in the text of using inductive reasoning over deductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning is more robust (less fragile). Inductive premises are more available. In inductive reasoning, the conclusion follows with more certainty from the premises. Inductive arguments are frequently more persuasive. Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true of inductive reasoning but not deductive reasoning? If a premise is false then the arguments loses its value If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true as well The premises are harder to find The argument is more likely to have merit even if one of the premises is not universally true Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not true about adding new premises to inductive and deductive arguments? Adding premises to an inductive argument can make it go from strong to weak Adding new premises to an inductive argument can make it go from weak to strong Adding premises to a deductive argument can make it go from invalid to valid Adding new premises to a deductive argument can make it go from valid to invalid Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not one of the questions given for assessing a possible explanation? Does it explain all relevant observations? Does it follow validly from the premises? Is it non-circular? It is testable? Question 19 0 / 1 pts The concept of persuasiveness, when applied to inductive arguments (in Chapter 6) means what? Sometimes deductively valid arguments are less persuasive than inductive arguments because one is not likely to accept their strong premises unless one already accepts their conclusions You Answered Deductive arguments are always more persuasive because their reasoning, by definition, is stronger Inductive reasoning is only persuasive to people who fail to notice that the conclusion does not follow from the premises Deductive and inductive arguments are equally persuasive The answer can be found in Section 6.2, “Choosing Between Induction and Deduction,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not true about inductive reasoning versus deductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning aims for an absolute connection between the premises and conclusion Inductive reasoning aims for a probable connection between the premises and conclusion ! Inductive reasoning strives to be sound Inductive reasoning can supply very powerful evidence for the truth of its conclusions Quiz Score: 18 out of 20 PreviousNext Last Attempt Details: 3 Attempts so far View Previous Attempts