IOP 2605 ASSIGNMENT 2

Question 1 (15) Identify at least five salutogenic constructs other than “Sense of Coherence” and provide a brief discussion on the meaning of each. You need to refer to page 17-21 of the study guide. The five additional salutogenic constructs are:  Locus of control Locus of control describes the extent to which individuals believe that their behaviour has a direct impact on events that follow. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they have control over what happens to them. Individuals with an external locus of control believe that luck, fate or other external forces controls what happens to them. The Internal-External Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) is the most well-known measurement of locus of control. In SA the Locus of Control Questionnaire (LCQ; Schepers, 1995) is most often used and consists of three scales namely external control, internal control and autonomy. IOP2605/201/2/2014 4 The Internal-External Control Scale views internal and external control as dependent variables on a continuum. The Locus of Control Questionnaire views external and internal control as independent variables, meaning that an individual can score high on both internal and external locus of control.  Self-efficacy Self-efficacy refers to the individual’s belief that they can successfully perform the behaviour required for a specific task. It is a relatively enduring set of beliefs that one can cope effectively in a broad range of situations (Bandura, 1982). The level of self-efficacy that the individual possesses determines what activity people engage in, how much effort they will expend and how long they will persevere in the face of adversity. The two most well-known measurements of self-efficacy are the Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherrer and Maddux, 1982) and the Eight-Item Self-Efficacy Scale (Thomas, Moore and Scott, 1996).  Hardiness Hardiness evolved out of coping literature and intended to explain individual differences in stress resiliency. The concept of hardiness is considered a personality style consisting of three interrelated factors na