THANK YOU FOR ARGUING NOTES
Eng. 015
Jessica Ohara
Preface and Introduction:
Author: Jay Heinrichs
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion
Rhetoric teaches us how to argue without anger
Chp. 1 – Open Your Eyes
The most productive arguments use the future tense, the language of choice
and decisions
Rhetoric is the art of influence, friendship and eloquence, of ready wit and
irrefutable logic. And it harnesses the most powerful of social forces,
argument.
m
Aristotle’s three traits of credible leadership: virtue, disinterest, and practical
er as
wisdom
co
Cicero’s elegant 5-step method for constructing a speech-invention,
eH w
arrangement, style, memory, and delivery
o.
Logic alone will rarely get people to do anything. They have to desire the act.
rs e
Chiasmus- this crisscross figure repeats a phrase with its mirror image
ou urc
o Ex. JFK- “ Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can
do for your country.”
Chp. 2 – Set your goals
o
o We need to distinguish rhetorical argument from the blame-shifting, he-said-
aC s
she-said squabbling that defines conflict today. In a fight, each disputant tries
vi y re
to win.
o In an argument, they try to win over an audience (which can even be as
simple as the one person they are arguing with)
ed d
o In the 9 year married couple experiment
ar stu
o Couples who stayed married seemed to show their disputes to solve
problems and work out differences – they showed faith in the
outcome.
o The doomed couples used their sessions to attack each other.
is
o Happy ones argued : Unhappy ones fought
Th
Aggressive loudmouths often win temporary victories through intimidation
or simply by talking us to exhaustion. But the more subtle, eloquent
approaches lead to long-term commitment.
sh
You succeed in an argument when you persuade your audience. You win a
fight when you dominate the enemy.
Argument by fighting is no argument. It never persuades, it only inspires
revenge or retreat.
You fight to win; you argue to achieve agreement
Demagogue- A power-mad dictator who uses rhetorical skills for evil
This study source was downloaded by 100000823518935 from CourseHero.com on 08-16-2021 14:10:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/16689944/THANK-YOU-FOR-ARGUING-NOTES/
, You'll get them (your audience) to want to yield, to commit to your plan, and
to consider the result a consensus. You will make them desire what you
desire- seduce them into a consensual act.
Its unlikely that your opponent knows any rhetoric. He probably thinks that
the sole point of an argument is to humiliate you or to get you to admit defeat
o (Insert cop example)
The easiest way to exploit your opponents desire to score points is to let him.
One way to get people to agree with you is to agree with them. Use your
opponents point to get what you what.
3 goals for persuading people (Marcus Cicero)
o Stimulate your audiences emotions (mood)
o Change its opinion (mind)
o Get it to act (desire to act)
Stimulating emotions puts the other goals within range
By changing your audiences emotion, you make them more vulnerable to
m
er as
your argument-put them in the mood to listen
The most effective rhetoric disguises itself
co
eH w
You can give the horse salt to stimulate its desire for water (arousing its
emotions, and you can persuade it to follow you to a stream, but getting it to
o.
rs e
commit to drinking poses the toughest rhetorical problem.
Tools from this chapter
ou urc
o Set your personal goal
o Set your goals for your audience. Do you want to change their mood,
o
their mind, or their willingness to carry out what you want?
aC s
vi y re
Chp. 3 – Control the Tense
The three basic issues of rhetoric deal with time
Ask yourself- whats the issue? All issues come to these
o Blame (Past)
ed d
o Values (Present)
ar stu
o Choice (Future)
The rhetoric of the past deals with issues of justice
Rhetoric of present handles raise and condemnation, separating good from
is
bad, distinguishing groups from other groups ect.
If you want to make a joint decision, you must focus on the future
Th
Present tense- (demonstrative) – rhetoric tends to finish with people bonding
or separating
Past tense – (forensic) – rhetoric threatens punishment
sh
Future tense – (deliberative) – argument promises a payoff. You can see why
Aristotle dedicated the rhetoric of decision making to the future.
Propose an extreme choice first. It will make the one you want sound more
reasonable
Deliberative argument can use facts but it must not limit itself to them
This study source was downloaded by 100000823518935 from CourseHero.com on 08-16-2021 14:10:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/16689944/THANK-YOU-FOR-ARGUING-NOTES/
Eng. 015
Jessica Ohara
Preface and Introduction:
Author: Jay Heinrichs
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion
Rhetoric teaches us how to argue without anger
Chp. 1 – Open Your Eyes
The most productive arguments use the future tense, the language of choice
and decisions
Rhetoric is the art of influence, friendship and eloquence, of ready wit and
irrefutable logic. And it harnesses the most powerful of social forces,
argument.
m
Aristotle’s three traits of credible leadership: virtue, disinterest, and practical
er as
wisdom
co
Cicero’s elegant 5-step method for constructing a speech-invention,
eH w
arrangement, style, memory, and delivery
o.
Logic alone will rarely get people to do anything. They have to desire the act.
rs e
Chiasmus- this crisscross figure repeats a phrase with its mirror image
ou urc
o Ex. JFK- “ Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can
do for your country.”
Chp. 2 – Set your goals
o
o We need to distinguish rhetorical argument from the blame-shifting, he-said-
aC s
she-said squabbling that defines conflict today. In a fight, each disputant tries
vi y re
to win.
o In an argument, they try to win over an audience (which can even be as
simple as the one person they are arguing with)
ed d
o In the 9 year married couple experiment
ar stu
o Couples who stayed married seemed to show their disputes to solve
problems and work out differences – they showed faith in the
outcome.
o The doomed couples used their sessions to attack each other.
is
o Happy ones argued : Unhappy ones fought
Th
Aggressive loudmouths often win temporary victories through intimidation
or simply by talking us to exhaustion. But the more subtle, eloquent
approaches lead to long-term commitment.
sh
You succeed in an argument when you persuade your audience. You win a
fight when you dominate the enemy.
Argument by fighting is no argument. It never persuades, it only inspires
revenge or retreat.
You fight to win; you argue to achieve agreement
Demagogue- A power-mad dictator who uses rhetorical skills for evil
This study source was downloaded by 100000823518935 from CourseHero.com on 08-16-2021 14:10:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/16689944/THANK-YOU-FOR-ARGUING-NOTES/
, You'll get them (your audience) to want to yield, to commit to your plan, and
to consider the result a consensus. You will make them desire what you
desire- seduce them into a consensual act.
Its unlikely that your opponent knows any rhetoric. He probably thinks that
the sole point of an argument is to humiliate you or to get you to admit defeat
o (Insert cop example)
The easiest way to exploit your opponents desire to score points is to let him.
One way to get people to agree with you is to agree with them. Use your
opponents point to get what you what.
3 goals for persuading people (Marcus Cicero)
o Stimulate your audiences emotions (mood)
o Change its opinion (mind)
o Get it to act (desire to act)
Stimulating emotions puts the other goals within range
By changing your audiences emotion, you make them more vulnerable to
m
er as
your argument-put them in the mood to listen
The most effective rhetoric disguises itself
co
eH w
You can give the horse salt to stimulate its desire for water (arousing its
emotions, and you can persuade it to follow you to a stream, but getting it to
o.
rs e
commit to drinking poses the toughest rhetorical problem.
Tools from this chapter
ou urc
o Set your personal goal
o Set your goals for your audience. Do you want to change their mood,
o
their mind, or their willingness to carry out what you want?
aC s
vi y re
Chp. 3 – Control the Tense
The three basic issues of rhetoric deal with time
Ask yourself- whats the issue? All issues come to these
o Blame (Past)
ed d
o Values (Present)
ar stu
o Choice (Future)
The rhetoric of the past deals with issues of justice
Rhetoric of present handles raise and condemnation, separating good from
is
bad, distinguishing groups from other groups ect.
If you want to make a joint decision, you must focus on the future
Th
Present tense- (demonstrative) – rhetoric tends to finish with people bonding
or separating
Past tense – (forensic) – rhetoric threatens punishment
sh
Future tense – (deliberative) – argument promises a payoff. You can see why
Aristotle dedicated the rhetoric of decision making to the future.
Propose an extreme choice first. It will make the one you want sound more
reasonable
Deliberative argument can use facts but it must not limit itself to them
This study source was downloaded by 100000823518935 from CourseHero.com on 08-16-2021 14:10:58 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/16689944/THANK-YOU-FOR-ARGUING-NOTES/
