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Ejercicios resueltos: Laminaridad y Turbulencia - Mecánica de Fluidos

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Guía de ejercicios resueltos paso a paso, incluye esquemas/gráficos.

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SERIE N°3: LAMINARIDAD Y TURBULENCIA (resolución)

PROBLEMA Nº1.- Determinar la velocidad crítica para:
a) un fuel-oil medio que fluye a 15ºC a través de una tubería de 15 cm de diámetro
b) agua a 15ºC que circula por una tubería de 15 cm

DATOS: para el fuel-oil  = 4,42.10-6 m2/s
para el agua  = 1g/cm3


𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑗𝑎 𝑅𝑒 ≈ 2.100

𝐹𝑈𝐸𝐿 𝑂𝐼𝐿

2
−6 𝑚
𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 ∗ 𝜌 𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 𝑅𝑒 ∗ 𝜈 2.100 ∗ 4,42 ∗ 10 𝑠 = 0,06188 𝑚
𝑅𝑒 = = = 2.100 ⇔ 𝑤 = =
𝜇 𝜈 𝐷𝑖 0,15 𝑚 𝑠


𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴

−3 𝑘𝑔
𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 ∗ 𝜌 𝑅𝑒 ∗ 𝜇 2.100 ∗ 1,2 ∗ 10 𝑚. 𝑠 𝑚
𝑅𝑒 = = 2.100 ⇔ 𝑤 = = = 0,0168
𝜇 𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝜌 𝑘𝑔 𝑠
0,15 𝑚 ∗ 1.000 3
𝑚




𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠:
𝑚 𝑚
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝐹𝑈𝐸𝐿 𝑂𝐼𝐿: 0,06188 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴: 0,0168
𝑠 𝑠

, PROBLEMA Nº2.- Determinar el tipo de flujo que tiene lugar en una tubería de 30 cm cuando:
a) fluye agua a 75ºC a una velocidad de 1,0 m/s
b) fluye un fuel-oil pesado a 15ºC y a la misma velocidad

DATOS: para el fuel-oil  = 2,06.10-4 m2/s
para el agua  = 1g/cm3

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑗𝑎 𝑅𝑒 ≈ 2.100
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑎 32.000 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜


𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴

𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 ∗ 𝜌 0,3 𝑚 ∗ 1 𝑠 ∗ 1.000 𝑚3
𝑅𝑒 = = = 802.139 ≫ 32.000 ⇒ 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑇𝑈𝑅𝐵𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑁𝑇𝑂
𝜇 𝑘𝑔
3,74 ∗ 10−4
𝑚. 𝑠




𝐹𝑈𝐸𝐿 𝑂𝐼𝐿
𝑚
𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 ∗ 𝜌 𝐷𝑖 ∗ 𝑤 0,3 𝑚 ∗ 1 𝑠
𝑅𝑒 = = = = 1.456,31068 < 2.100 ⇒ 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐿𝐴𝑀𝐼𝑁𝐴𝑅
𝜇 𝜈 𝑚2
2,06 ∗ 10−4 𝑠



𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 𝑑𝑒 30𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜:

• 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 (𝑅𝑒 = 802.139) > 32.000
• 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 (𝑅𝑒 = 1.456) < 2.100

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