Name: Date:
Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and
prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: chemical family, electron affinity, ion, ionic bond, metal, nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence
electron
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and
Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set?
Give one marker to Clara
m
er as
2. Maggie is sitting at a table with Fred and Florence. Maggie has 10 markers, but Fred and Florence each
co
have only 7 markers. How can they share markers so each has 8?
eH w
Maggie can give 1 marker to Fred, and one marker to Florence.
o.
rs e
ou urc
Gizmo Warm-up
Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form
bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.
o
To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the
aC s
menus at right. Click Play ( ) to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each
vi y re
atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)
1. Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons
are called valence electrons. (Inner electrons are not shown.)
ed d
ar stu
How many valence electrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
2. Click Pause ( ). Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their
is
valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Electron affinity is a measure of
how tightly the valence electrons are held.
Th
A. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal?
Sodium Which is a nonmetal? Chlorine
sh
B. Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal. What happens?
Sodium’s electron is transferred to Chlorine’s outer ring of electrons.
Reproduction
This study source was downloadedfor
by educational use only.
100000829957125 fromPublic sharing or on
CourseHero.com posting prohibited.
08-18-2021 © 2020
02:23:59 GMTExploreLearning™
-05:00 All rights reserved
https://www.coursehero.com/file/92866178/Ionic-Bonds-Gizmo-2020-completedocx/
, Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:
● Click Reset.
Ions ● Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.
Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively
charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles
with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.
Question: What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?
1. Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the
atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (Electrons in the inner
rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
A. Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. Assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how
many electrons are there total in each atom?
Sodium: 11 Chlorine: 17
m
er as
co
B. Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and
eH w
electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each atom?
o.
Sodium: 11 Chlorine: 17
rs e
ou urc
2. Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet
rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have?
o
Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
aC s
vi y re
3. Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the
charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron
from the sodium to the chlorine atom.
ed d
A. What are the charges of each atom now? Sodium: 1+ Chlorine: 1
ar stu
Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions.
B. Is each ion stable? Explain.
is
Yes, they are stable because all of the elements have 8 valence electrons
Th
Click Check in the lower right corner of the Gizmo to check.
4. Think and discuss: Why is there an attraction between the two ions in this chemical bond?
sh
Because moving the one electron from Sodium, to the seven at Chlorine makes a chemical bond
Reproduction
This study source for educational
was downloaded use only. Public
by 100000829957125 from sharing or posting
CourseHero.com on prohibited.
08-18-2021 © 2020 ExploreLearning™
02:23:59 GMT -05:00 All rights reserved
https://www.coursehero.com/file/92866178/Ionic-Bonds-Gizmo-2020-completedocx/
Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and
prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: chemical family, electron affinity, ion, ionic bond, metal, nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence
electron
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and
Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set?
Give one marker to Clara
m
er as
2. Maggie is sitting at a table with Fred and Florence. Maggie has 10 markers, but Fred and Florence each
co
have only 7 markers. How can they share markers so each has 8?
eH w
Maggie can give 1 marker to Fred, and one marker to Florence.
o.
rs e
ou urc
Gizmo Warm-up
Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form
bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.
o
To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the
aC s
menus at right. Click Play ( ) to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each
vi y re
atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)
1. Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons
are called valence electrons. (Inner electrons are not shown.)
ed d
ar stu
How many valence electrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
2. Click Pause ( ). Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their
is
valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Electron affinity is a measure of
how tightly the valence electrons are held.
Th
A. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal?
Sodium Which is a nonmetal? Chlorine
sh
B. Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal. What happens?
Sodium’s electron is transferred to Chlorine’s outer ring of electrons.
Reproduction
This study source was downloadedfor
by educational use only.
100000829957125 fromPublic sharing or on
CourseHero.com posting prohibited.
08-18-2021 © 2020
02:23:59 GMTExploreLearning™
-05:00 All rights reserved
https://www.coursehero.com/file/92866178/Ionic-Bonds-Gizmo-2020-completedocx/
, Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:
● Click Reset.
Ions ● Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.
Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively
charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles
with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.
Question: What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?
1. Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the
atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (Electrons in the inner
rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
A. Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. Assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how
many electrons are there total in each atom?
Sodium: 11 Chlorine: 17
m
er as
co
B. Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and
eH w
electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each atom?
o.
Sodium: 11 Chlorine: 17
rs e
ou urc
2. Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet
rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have?
o
Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
aC s
vi y re
3. Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the
charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron
from the sodium to the chlorine atom.
ed d
A. What are the charges of each atom now? Sodium: 1+ Chlorine: 1
ar stu
Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions.
B. Is each ion stable? Explain.
is
Yes, they are stable because all of the elements have 8 valence electrons
Th
Click Check in the lower right corner of the Gizmo to check.
4. Think and discuss: Why is there an attraction between the two ions in this chemical bond?
sh
Because moving the one electron from Sodium, to the seven at Chlorine makes a chemical bond
Reproduction
This study source for educational
was downloaded use only. Public
by 100000829957125 from sharing or posting
CourseHero.com on prohibited.
08-18-2021 © 2020 ExploreLearning™
02:23:59 GMT -05:00 All rights reserved
https://www.coursehero.com/file/92866178/Ionic-Bonds-Gizmo-2020-completedocx/
