EDA 3046 ASSIGNMENT 2

Question 1 Give a short description of the history and development of Environmental Education under the following headings: 1.1 International Environmental education in the 20th century. During the years of the Second World War () there was a period of incubation of ideas and plans for a better world, followed by recognition of the need for public knowledge and awareness about the environment and environmental issues that were beginning to emerge. The decades following the war saw the establishment of the first international environmental organizations:  Established in 1948, IUCN (concerned with diminishing of natural resources, including wildlife)  Established in 1961, WWF (focused on raising funds for wildlife conservation) These organizations gradually began to engage with, and influence, government and quasi-government institutions, other international organizations and NGO’s. Partnership with Unesco (established in 1946), who were initially concerned only with education in a developmental context, led to the process of developing environmental education. The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm was a landmark in the development of environmental education on a universal scale.  It was the first time that the world’s wealthy and poor nations had come together to discuss environmental concerns.  It was the first occasion where many of the concerns that were euphemistically called “developing countries” were places on the international agenda for discussion.  It led to the establishment of UNEP (the first UN agency to have head quarters located outside of Europe and North America) who established the term ‘environmental education’ as the internationally accepted norm. Unesco and UNEP organized the first International Workshop on Environmental Education in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1975 . Following on this was the first Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education held at Tbilisi in the USSR in 1977, this conf