THE GRAMMAR – TRANSLATION METHOD
Introduction
A foreign language teaching method that originated in the late 19th and early
20th century.
This method is usually taught the classical/dead language. (for example: Latin
and Greek)
The main purpose of this method is to enrich their literature and language
reading proficiency as well. For this reason, this method is also called the
Classical Method. However, in the 19th century, this Classical Method is
recognized as GTM.
Main Purpose
Enrich the learners’ literature and language reading proficiency.
To learn a language in order to read its literature.
To benefit from mental discipline and intellectual improvement.
Literary language is superior to spoken language.
Students’ study of the target culture is limited to its literature and fine arts.
Principles
Literary language is superior to spoken language. Students’ study of the target
culture is limited to its literature and fine arts.
To learn a language in order to read its literature to benefit from mental
discipline and intellectual development.
An important goal is for students to be able to translate each language into the
other. If students can translate from one language into another, they are
considered successful language learners.
It focuses on the accuracy of grammar and translation.
The ability to communicate in the target language is not a goal of language
instruction.
Speech is neglected.
The primary skills to be developed are reading and writing (major focus). Little
attention is given to speaking and listening, and almost none to pronunciation.
, As far as skills are concerned, reading and writing skills are more focused
than listening and speaking.
The teacher is the authority in the classroom. It is very important that students
get the correct answer.
Students are passive. Teacher’s the one who initiates the interaction.
It is possible to find native language equivalents for all target language words.
Vocabulary selection is based on the reading texts used and words are
taught through bilingual word lists, dictionary study and memorization.
Learning is facilitated through attention to similarities between the target
language and the native language.
The students’ native language is the medium of instruction. It is used to
explain new items and enable comparisons to be made between the
foreign language and the students’ native language.
The meaning of the target language is made clear by translating into the
students’ native language.
It is important for students to learn about the grammar or form of the target
language.
Accuracy (use of correct grammar) is emphasized.
Deductive application of an explicit grammar rule is a useful pedagogical
technique.
Deductive: detailed analysis of grammatical rules.
Grammar is taught deductively that is by presentation and study of
grammar rules which are then practiced through translation exercises.
In GTM, teacher teach the grammar rules, then gives examples.
Kills the internalization process of the language learners.
Students should be conscious of the grammatical rules of the target language.
Memorization.
Reviewing the Principles
Introduction
A foreign language teaching method that originated in the late 19th and early
20th century.
This method is usually taught the classical/dead language. (for example: Latin
and Greek)
The main purpose of this method is to enrich their literature and language
reading proficiency as well. For this reason, this method is also called the
Classical Method. However, in the 19th century, this Classical Method is
recognized as GTM.
Main Purpose
Enrich the learners’ literature and language reading proficiency.
To learn a language in order to read its literature.
To benefit from mental discipline and intellectual improvement.
Literary language is superior to spoken language.
Students’ study of the target culture is limited to its literature and fine arts.
Principles
Literary language is superior to spoken language. Students’ study of the target
culture is limited to its literature and fine arts.
To learn a language in order to read its literature to benefit from mental
discipline and intellectual development.
An important goal is for students to be able to translate each language into the
other. If students can translate from one language into another, they are
considered successful language learners.
It focuses on the accuracy of grammar and translation.
The ability to communicate in the target language is not a goal of language
instruction.
Speech is neglected.
The primary skills to be developed are reading and writing (major focus). Little
attention is given to speaking and listening, and almost none to pronunciation.
, As far as skills are concerned, reading and writing skills are more focused
than listening and speaking.
The teacher is the authority in the classroom. It is very important that students
get the correct answer.
Students are passive. Teacher’s the one who initiates the interaction.
It is possible to find native language equivalents for all target language words.
Vocabulary selection is based on the reading texts used and words are
taught through bilingual word lists, dictionary study and memorization.
Learning is facilitated through attention to similarities between the target
language and the native language.
The students’ native language is the medium of instruction. It is used to
explain new items and enable comparisons to be made between the
foreign language and the students’ native language.
The meaning of the target language is made clear by translating into the
students’ native language.
It is important for students to learn about the grammar or form of the target
language.
Accuracy (use of correct grammar) is emphasized.
Deductive application of an explicit grammar rule is a useful pedagogical
technique.
Deductive: detailed analysis of grammatical rules.
Grammar is taught deductively that is by presentation and study of
grammar rules which are then practiced through translation exercises.
In GTM, teacher teach the grammar rules, then gives examples.
Kills the internalization process of the language learners.
Students should be conscious of the grammatical rules of the target language.
Memorization.
Reviewing the Principles
