Strategy and tactics across the period
Defensive warfare
NAP- scorched earth by Russians burning crop and industry behind them, even whole of Moscow
including kremlin
NAP- tactical squares, battle of the pyramids and waterloo to protect against Calvary charges
CRIMEAN- introduction of trenches at Sevastopol agenised Russian forces, both sides dug in to
French and British 11 months to break through in brutal Russian winter
ACW- use of trenches, particularly in the Petersburg Campaign, lee brings reinforcments to protect
petesberg creating third defensive trench line June 1864- April 1865 Barbed wire wasn’t quite a
thing yet, but plain telegraph wire was one obstacle employed . The Union experimented with the
first machine guns deployed in warfare (the peppermill gun and the Gatling gun). Artillery, mortars,
mining and countermining were all used at various points
R-J- use of mines and trenches with barbed wire at battle of Mukden (port Arthur retreat)
WW1- peak of trench warfare, nothing able to brake trench deadlock not tanks and planes not
advanced enough
Importance of Movement (set piece battle)- for offensive warfare
NAP-Ulm fix flank and envelop, one corps attack from black forest others at rhine
NAP- Austerlitz Plateou of Preazan, right flank used as trap, and then left flank used to trap in
REV + NAP- uses of corps system, Courp d’armee’ -fist seen in Italian campaign 1796 Day apart from
each other 10-30 thousand men, all own mini armys
CRIMEAN- Balaklava fix flank and envelop of Russians around light brigade
ACW- use of railways inspired by A-P, norths use at Chattanooga to solve interior lines problem
A-P – use of railways to concentrate troops, Von Molkte 5 lines for 280,000 troops for Sadoa also fix
flank and envelop used for speed
WW1- attempted to outflank and envelop at race the sea by outflanking each other with trains , but
we see this as largely unsuccessful
Concentration of forces
REV- Lodi. Frontal/coloum charges with fixed bayonets at bridge against Austrian army
CRIMEAN- British thin read line at Balaclava of 500 troops with mini bullet
ACW- interior lines south occupied the centre of the country
R-J- Artillery fire at port Arthur from the Russian navy, column charges from Japanese forces to
secure the hilltops around port
WW1- artillery fire at Somme 1,738,000 shells in 7 days
Defensive warfare
NAP- scorched earth by Russians burning crop and industry behind them, even whole of Moscow
including kremlin
NAP- tactical squares, battle of the pyramids and waterloo to protect against Calvary charges
CRIMEAN- introduction of trenches at Sevastopol agenised Russian forces, both sides dug in to
French and British 11 months to break through in brutal Russian winter
ACW- use of trenches, particularly in the Petersburg Campaign, lee brings reinforcments to protect
petesberg creating third defensive trench line June 1864- April 1865 Barbed wire wasn’t quite a
thing yet, but plain telegraph wire was one obstacle employed . The Union experimented with the
first machine guns deployed in warfare (the peppermill gun and the Gatling gun). Artillery, mortars,
mining and countermining were all used at various points
R-J- use of mines and trenches with barbed wire at battle of Mukden (port Arthur retreat)
WW1- peak of trench warfare, nothing able to brake trench deadlock not tanks and planes not
advanced enough
Importance of Movement (set piece battle)- for offensive warfare
NAP-Ulm fix flank and envelop, one corps attack from black forest others at rhine
NAP- Austerlitz Plateou of Preazan, right flank used as trap, and then left flank used to trap in
REV + NAP- uses of corps system, Courp d’armee’ -fist seen in Italian campaign 1796 Day apart from
each other 10-30 thousand men, all own mini armys
CRIMEAN- Balaklava fix flank and envelop of Russians around light brigade
ACW- use of railways inspired by A-P, norths use at Chattanooga to solve interior lines problem
A-P – use of railways to concentrate troops, Von Molkte 5 lines for 280,000 troops for Sadoa also fix
flank and envelop used for speed
WW1- attempted to outflank and envelop at race the sea by outflanking each other with trains , but
we see this as largely unsuccessful
Concentration of forces
REV- Lodi. Frontal/coloum charges with fixed bayonets at bridge against Austrian army
CRIMEAN- British thin read line at Balaclava of 500 troops with mini bullet
ACW- interior lines south occupied the centre of the country
R-J- Artillery fire at port Arthur from the Russian navy, column charges from Japanese forces to
secure the hilltops around port
WW1- artillery fire at Somme 1,738,000 shells in 7 days
