NR 566/NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the Family Final Exam Review| Rated A Guide| LATEST, 2021 / 2022 | Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR 566I/INR566IAdvancedIPharmacologyI for Care of the Family Final Exam Review| Rated A Guide| LATEST, 2021 / 2022 | Chamberlain College of Nursing 1. Otitis media requires ________________, whereas otitis externa is treated with ___ ______ that contain a _______ _______ combined with a ___________. - oral antibiotics, - ear drops, - topical antibiotic, - steroid 2. Beta-blocker ophthalmic drops used to manage glaucoma have the same contraindications as ___________? - oral beta-blockers 3. All patients with HIV should______? - begin antiretroviral therapy to reduce disease progression and prevent transmission 4. Fungal infections may be _______ or __________. Systemic infections must be treated with ________ or __ __________, while superficial infections may be treated with ______ _______ or ______ ________? - systemic or superficial, oral or IV medications, topical agents or oral medications 5. ABX Stewardship: Commitment - Identify a team leader for practice group - Communicate to set patient expectations 6. ABX Stewardship: Action for policy and practice - Use evidence-based treatment guidelines - Use watchful waiting as appropriate - Use call centers or nurse hotlines to reduce unnecessary office visits 7. ABX Stewardship:Tracking and reporting - Self-evaluate prescribing practices - Engage in continuing education and quality improvement for tracking antibiotic prescription writing 8. ABX Stewardship: Education and expertise - Provide patient education on appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic use: posters, pamphlets 9. Voriconazole and Phenobarbital - should not be combined due to CYP450 10. voriconazole. - Phenobarbital is CYP450 inhibitors which can reduce the levels of drugs including: 11. Protease Inhibitor Adverse Effect - These include hyperglycemia and the development of diabetes, - lipodystrophy (fat redistribution), - elevation of serum transaminases, and - decreased cardiac conduction velocity. - They can also increase bleeding in patients with hemophilia. 12. Darunavir - Protease Inhibitor (HIV) 13. Lopinavir with ritonavir (LPV/r) [Kaletra] Adverse Effects - Dangerous drug interactions,a hepatotoxicity, - a pancreatitis, - PR interval prolongation, - a QT interval prolongation, - a hyperglycemia or diabetes (new onset or exacerbation), - a immune reconstitution syndrome, - a redistribution of adipose tissue, - a hyperlipidemia, - a renewed bleeding in patients with hemophilia, - a headache, - nausea, - vomiting, - abdominal discomfort, - indigestion, - weakness 14. Saquinavir (SQV) [Invirase Adverse Effects - Dangerous drug interactions (including danger with ritonavir), - a PR interval prolongation, - a QT interval prolongation, - a diabetes (new onset or exacerbation), - a immune reconstitution syndrome,a redistribution of adipose tissue, - a renewed bleeding in patients with hemophilia, - a exacerbation of comorbid hepatic disease,a hyperlipidemia, - a nausea, - vomiting, - abdominal pain, - diarrhea, - fatigue 15. HIV Fusion Inhibitors - Enfuvirtide (ENF) [Fuzeon] 16. Enfuvirtide (ENF) [Fuzeon] - widely known as T-20, is the first and only HIV fusion inhibitor approved by the FDA. 17. Enfuvirtide (ENF) [Fuzeon] Adverse Effects - Injection site reactions (98%), - a hypersensitivity, - a postinjection bleeding, - a immune reconstitution syndrome, - a pneumonia, - nausea, - diarrhea, - fatigue. 18. Key ingredient needed in organic sunscreen - Avobenzone 19. β-lactam antibiotic MOA - All antibiotics in class share the same mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall. - Inhibition of cell wall synthesis 20. Empiric Therapy - start treatment without cultures or prior to receiving the results of a culture 21. immediate empiric antibiotics - Critically ill patients receive (Fill in the Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for results. 22. Bactericidal antibiotics - Directly kill bacteria: Agents include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin. - preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes, HIV, or cancer and for those who have overwhelming infections 23. Bacteriostatic agents - inhibit bacterial proliferation while the host's immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines 24. β-lactam Antibiotics - Penicillins, - Cephalosporins, - Carbapenems, - Monobactams 25. Penicillins MOA - Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions: - inhibition of transpeptidases - disinhibition (activation) of autolysins. 26. PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins)