NDIAN 7N71TUTCDf TeTNDLOY,DtU! (T Dey
ELL DIGTAL ELECTRONICS
Manan u 30
Aru hara
Attendana 76
Mask
MI 30, ao, l
MI30 ok
1D0
Ynor
Majph 40
Sempenunt
Lal -60
Final L1am a5 20 mah
100
8
Repents
bree gihnl daign Menis Mav
ilth Peabsan 5e
onycomranon
, Austan Jou manuladtiwn
UnundtyJt neul
J CauicaionJuquinlJndigatal Jystm
Unahy Jumlth Aatim
diginl Judrial aughn dpndont n unlenapard uad
4 thanuns unap ad hua
uahzdulperat
LSb u t Aignihcan lit/dint RIGHTt
MSB Mout dgnilicant lit/dit LEFTmaat
2173
MSB LS6
(2194) 4x1o I0LAlo 2x10
Jasu 2
(LD
Jase 2 huphusnkatiBh
222 5 2 22
6 32 6 4 128 256512
bonty ComPanion
, wNly-ecta
pauping
Jetut
LP1O1 65),
Hx aut 16
ualy phLceddud beh
1 A CD E E
0.L23 4 E 1 10 12 3 4
il
hadienal unber
hLgaie pahs
Jrase N JNhiall
L higkt
henn -1
duimd 247.75 2x 10 4xip'+7x07 05x10
t/bau 10) decimal par
Jursty tx2+-12+_k2
ntigthpaht
duund past
e ase N
Jnabue bat 10)
Least Spneiat t
N duamal 55 (LS8)
27
13
2
ientfCoTPanon 0
, 6) Fhatisral
dunal Jynahu
(0.625)
0.6252
=25
nst Junahuy diguk
0-25 0.5 altr peink
0.52= 0
0
(0625)
(oDOTL
igand ard napdPumleu
banaues whl (0)
ud anddipnl ollu Sen
hanuuen hang o velb)
yukem (1)
ausid uhunt or seni phu
hang
At atunic al Jusyelhbe Jo heis
Prapeny usatral atomic phuramina
Unsipnud MCB wantnubutut mapitud
MSB ebuus sipn
CTPenon
, Assung ut unbis
2 0000 I 0o +
Junugd
Sigad
000 l1o0
umlth
addn t dd 2 gnud azpibude
Juunluh JA +h
Semthy datinme
dhukuy MSb
Hun. sompaht He ragptud
Aup a t dilfount
Julutad malli
5 0-0 0 tot
Sig Mayatuds
-5y
2-1) J (2-)
Yht -127 +27
Rong
-
Juwugnd
alye ubuns +0-0 Bauad
27K2t|
Ranz er& 2 2255 Signd 8u
= 55
Sg magrtude du ne hapau
ull ang
1urparut dununiuhd hadr sempluenstnt)
N>0 N
000.0 0101 N puO )-N
) - N - 40000010 Negating a umlen 1s aall
ILLLiOL aual o epug H Jds phuai
2i to ge a - Sigh
9 MSB 1 hn umbun e
raptu
D Lil + t27 0 000 o000- +0
0000 -27 LlLI
- 137 e
127 255 valus
ntyComPanion
, +'s amplumart n le mad ly
Jhawiry all Jsoat
a t 0's and out I Apdargd ond
ploag
ARh O'swd 0's nd 0's mh 's un alhar Jiak Agnalat
# 2's amplanutahy Aplamapd
hon100 0O1DL00
t5 0.0.00 0101
MI MT
AJdun 1hsurglun
L000.0 00.D0 0000 0101
Rang -0000 0 10
tn e -127 i10i1
256 yalus TTTTT0t
Nate (L'uolo1)2s 0omp 12-2+1++]6+32
-75
+75 01001011
+5 0000 010
127 b LIL L
+00Q0 0il0 127
0 00D 10il tl 401 LIO X
-Ve
Se S ARh Ororg.in I's cen 2'S csny
OVERFLO
'seplumut I'urplemunt
+105 0110 01o0
-3
42
2+84 32
gh
9 2 I++32Alt 2
Jwid Jur nat aa
(0S il
- 25 A+B (ArB gid
X OVERFLOW F 's cenphmendt
shauld le dhuesd LuM
benyCoTPanion
,Note 2Camplkmint amplaf
N N0 N
N<O LLIIt N N4O I'oo0pa00+N
Bo0LEAN ALGEBRA
A+B A.B
AND e Mergan's Lour
A.B AE
AtB ANA AB
NOT A
A+B A.B
A A
0
0
2
A.B NOT
A+B AND
OR
NOR NAND
Atb A.B
hoL miny pmbahAal ngc
Alh. AL) alalated
tnL utant
Juauinaiok 4Hhi utpat
autbt tpd
nComPenon
, XOR
CAB B
ABt BA
p u output ab ual addbion uhato
A,Bab Aam u
AB AeB
0 0
XNoR
C AGB
A+(B+C =(A+ B) +C
A+ B =
B+ A
fou5 A6 BA
kaut6 (A.B).C A.(B-C)
fTO
ayComIPanon
,Nee
A+ BC (Ar).AEC)
As+ AC t6.A + B.C
A.CI+C)+ 6-A +B-C LtB) +8.
At B.C
ALl-8)= A
[Ar8).CC+b)(A: C) hedud emantoms
AB L.D+ E Jun
A,8, C, D, E) ANb
UR
AND
Mak uud Jng
By NAND gate
NAND
Md
mak NoTT
E
As
AAAg
encoTPanion
, Poge
Axb
b
D
bredue Mandoma
(Ar)(CtD)
NOR gates only
A
heB AtB
PTO
ELL DIGTAL ELECTRONICS
Manan u 30
Aru hara
Attendana 76
Mask
MI 30, ao, l
MI30 ok
1D0
Ynor
Majph 40
Sempenunt
Lal -60
Final L1am a5 20 mah
100
8
Repents
bree gihnl daign Menis Mav
ilth Peabsan 5e
onycomranon
, Austan Jou manuladtiwn
UnundtyJt neul
J CauicaionJuquinlJndigatal Jystm
Unahy Jumlth Aatim
diginl Judrial aughn dpndont n unlenapard uad
4 thanuns unap ad hua
uahzdulperat
LSb u t Aignihcan lit/dint RIGHTt
MSB Mout dgnilicant lit/dit LEFTmaat
2173
MSB LS6
(2194) 4x1o I0LAlo 2x10
Jasu 2
(LD
Jase 2 huphusnkatiBh
222 5 2 22
6 32 6 4 128 256512
bonty ComPanion
, wNly-ecta
pauping
Jetut
LP1O1 65),
Hx aut 16
ualy phLceddud beh
1 A CD E E
0.L23 4 E 1 10 12 3 4
il
hadienal unber
hLgaie pahs
Jrase N JNhiall
L higkt
henn -1
duimd 247.75 2x 10 4xip'+7x07 05x10
t/bau 10) decimal par
Jursty tx2+-12+_k2
ntigthpaht
duund past
e ase N
Jnabue bat 10)
Least Spneiat t
N duamal 55 (LS8)
27
13
2
ientfCoTPanon 0
, 6) Fhatisral
dunal Jynahu
(0.625)
0.6252
=25
nst Junahuy diguk
0-25 0.5 altr peink
0.52= 0
0
(0625)
(oDOTL
igand ard napdPumleu
banaues whl (0)
ud anddipnl ollu Sen
hanuuen hang o velb)
yukem (1)
ausid uhunt or seni phu
hang
At atunic al Jusyelhbe Jo heis
Prapeny usatral atomic phuramina
Unsipnud MCB wantnubutut mapitud
MSB ebuus sipn
CTPenon
, Assung ut unbis
2 0000 I 0o +
Junugd
Sigad
000 l1o0
umlth
addn t dd 2 gnud azpibude
Juunluh JA +h
Semthy datinme
dhukuy MSb
Hun. sompaht He ragptud
Aup a t dilfount
Julutad malli
5 0-0 0 tot
Sig Mayatuds
-5y
2-1) J (2-)
Yht -127 +27
Rong
-
Juwugnd
alye ubuns +0-0 Bauad
27K2t|
Ranz er& 2 2255 Signd 8u
= 55
Sg magrtude du ne hapau
ull ang
1urparut dununiuhd hadr sempluenstnt)
N>0 N
000.0 0101 N puO )-N
) - N - 40000010 Negating a umlen 1s aall
ILLLiOL aual o epug H Jds phuai
2i to ge a - Sigh
9 MSB 1 hn umbun e
raptu
D Lil + t27 0 000 o000- +0
0000 -27 LlLI
- 137 e
127 255 valus
ntyComPanion
, +'s amplumart n le mad ly
Jhawiry all Jsoat
a t 0's and out I Apdargd ond
ploag
ARh O'swd 0's nd 0's mh 's un alhar Jiak Agnalat
# 2's amplanutahy Aplamapd
hon100 0O1DL00
t5 0.0.00 0101
MI MT
AJdun 1hsurglun
L000.0 00.D0 0000 0101
Rang -0000 0 10
tn e -127 i10i1
256 yalus TTTTT0t
Nate (L'uolo1)2s 0omp 12-2+1++]6+32
-75
+75 01001011
+5 0000 010
127 b LIL L
+00Q0 0il0 127
0 00D 10il tl 401 LIO X
-Ve
Se S ARh Ororg.in I's cen 2'S csny
OVERFLO
'seplumut I'urplemunt
+105 0110 01o0
-3
42
2+84 32
gh
9 2 I++32Alt 2
Jwid Jur nat aa
(0S il
- 25 A+B (ArB gid
X OVERFLOW F 's cenphmendt
shauld le dhuesd LuM
benyCoTPanion
,Note 2Camplkmint amplaf
N N0 N
N<O LLIIt N N4O I'oo0pa00+N
Bo0LEAN ALGEBRA
A+B A.B
AND e Mergan's Lour
A.B AE
AtB ANA AB
NOT A
A+B A.B
A A
0
0
2
A.B NOT
A+B AND
OR
NOR NAND
Atb A.B
hoL miny pmbahAal ngc
Alh. AL) alalated
tnL utant
Juauinaiok 4Hhi utpat
autbt tpd
nComPenon
, XOR
CAB B
ABt BA
p u output ab ual addbion uhato
A,Bab Aam u
AB AeB
0 0
XNoR
C AGB
A+(B+C =(A+ B) +C
A+ B =
B+ A
fou5 A6 BA
kaut6 (A.B).C A.(B-C)
fTO
ayComIPanon
,Nee
A+ BC (Ar).AEC)
As+ AC t6.A + B.C
A.CI+C)+ 6-A +B-C LtB) +8.
At B.C
ALl-8)= A
[Ar8).CC+b)(A: C) hedud emantoms
AB L.D+ E Jun
A,8, C, D, E) ANb
UR
AND
Mak uud Jng
By NAND gate
NAND
Md
mak NoTT
E
As
AAAg
encoTPanion
, Poge
Axb
b
D
bredue Mandoma
(Ar)(CtD)
NOR gates only
A
heB AtB
PTO
