16
CHAPTER 2: EMBRYOLOGY
Prior to fertilizing an egg, a sperm must:
* a. Penetrate the corona radiata and zona
pellucida.
o b. Undergo a second meiotic division.
o c. Undergo capacitation.
o d. Secrete fluids that promote its motility.
o e. Attain a diploid number of chromosomes.
Bleeding that may occur near the 13th day of
development.
o Represents a shedding of uterine tissue.
* b. Is caused by increased blood flow into
lacunar spaces.
o Is not normal.
o May be confused with normal menstrual
bleeding.
o Represents a spontaneous abortion.
Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonads from the:
o Intermediate mesoderm
* b. Wall of the yolk sac
o Lateral plate mesoderm
o Endoderm of the bilaminar disc
o Splanchnic mesoderm.
, 17
Fertilization to implantation:
o Morula is the immediate product of fertilization.
o Implantation starts between the 8th & 10th day.
o Initial penetration of the endometrium by the
developing embryo is by the inner cell mass.
o Implantation normally starts in the fallopian
tube.
* e. Fertilization occurs when the spermatozoon
penetrates the zona pellucida but not the corona
radiata.
In cell division:
* a. Meiosis normally results in 4 haploid
daughter cells.
o b. A haploid human cell contains 46
chromosomes in its nucleus.
o c. Meiosis is the method by which somatic
cells multiply.
o d. Metaphase is the stage at which DNA and
therefore chromosomes undergo duplication.
o e. Anaphase is the technical term for Go of the
cell cycle.
Ovulation:
o Can occur at any stage of the maturation of the
graafian follicle.
, * b. Results in the release of the oocyte leaving
behind a corpus luteum.
o The corpus luteum produces oestrogen and
androgens.
o Ovulation is followed by the proliferative phase
of the endometrium during the menstral cycle.
o The oocyte gains entry into the oviduct via its
isthmus.
Cells that often remain in the same stage of
development for more than 30 years:
o Primordial germ cells
o Polar bodies
* c. Primary oocytes
o Secondary oocytes
o Oogonia
Cells that migrate to the genital ridges from the yolk
sac:
* a. Primordial germ cells
o b. Polar bodies
o c. Primary oocytes
o d. Secondary oocytes
o e. Oogonia
CHAPTER 2: EMBRYOLOGY
Prior to fertilizing an egg, a sperm must:
* a. Penetrate the corona radiata and zona
pellucida.
o b. Undergo a second meiotic division.
o c. Undergo capacitation.
o d. Secrete fluids that promote its motility.
o e. Attain a diploid number of chromosomes.
Bleeding that may occur near the 13th day of
development.
o Represents a shedding of uterine tissue.
* b. Is caused by increased blood flow into
lacunar spaces.
o Is not normal.
o May be confused with normal menstrual
bleeding.
o Represents a spontaneous abortion.
Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonads from the:
o Intermediate mesoderm
* b. Wall of the yolk sac
o Lateral plate mesoderm
o Endoderm of the bilaminar disc
o Splanchnic mesoderm.
, 17
Fertilization to implantation:
o Morula is the immediate product of fertilization.
o Implantation starts between the 8th & 10th day.
o Initial penetration of the endometrium by the
developing embryo is by the inner cell mass.
o Implantation normally starts in the fallopian
tube.
* e. Fertilization occurs when the spermatozoon
penetrates the zona pellucida but not the corona
radiata.
In cell division:
* a. Meiosis normally results in 4 haploid
daughter cells.
o b. A haploid human cell contains 46
chromosomes in its nucleus.
o c. Meiosis is the method by which somatic
cells multiply.
o d. Metaphase is the stage at which DNA and
therefore chromosomes undergo duplication.
o e. Anaphase is the technical term for Go of the
cell cycle.
Ovulation:
o Can occur at any stage of the maturation of the
graafian follicle.
, * b. Results in the release of the oocyte leaving
behind a corpus luteum.
o The corpus luteum produces oestrogen and
androgens.
o Ovulation is followed by the proliferative phase
of the endometrium during the menstral cycle.
o The oocyte gains entry into the oviduct via its
isthmus.
Cells that often remain in the same stage of
development for more than 30 years:
o Primordial germ cells
o Polar bodies
* c. Primary oocytes
o Secondary oocytes
o Oogonia
Cells that migrate to the genital ridges from the yolk
sac:
* a. Primordial germ cells
o b. Polar bodies
o c. Primary oocytes
o d. Secondary oocytes
o e. Oogonia
