NR 283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
CAS Session with Diane
NR 283: Pathophysiology EXAM 2
Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders
Chapter 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders
Chapter 17: Digestive System Disorders
Chapter 18: Urinary System Disorders
WHAT POPULATION IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY SICKLE CELL?
African Americans - FEMALES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMIAS:
Hyperchromic Erythrocytes over production of RBC’s
Whenever you have an overproduction of cells – they are not maturing –
they aren’t able to fully function – with HYPERCHROMIC – its IRON
DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Doctor will prescribe an iron or ferrous sulfate
Very common in pregnancy
Stool will be black!
Take with Vitamin C – helps absorb the iron in the ferrous sulfate
PULMONARY ARTERY:
Blood that goes to the lungs is DEOXYGENATED
In the pulmonary artery the oxygen level is LOW
BLOOD IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY WILL HAVE A HIGH LEVEL
OR PCO2 will be HIGH – it’s going to pick up the oxygen in the alveoli
WHAT PROCESS DOES IT GO FROM AN AREA OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO LOW? DIFFUSION
KNOW TORCH:
, IN THE ALVEOLI - OXYGEN DIFFUSES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO LOW:
Oxygen in the alveoli is going to go to the blood
Before it gets to the blood – does it have high O2 or low O2?
THE BLOOD DOES NOT HAVE OXYGEN
The level of oxygen in the alveoli after the gas exchange (when you inhale)
is high so it goes from a high concentration to low concentration
If it’s in the alveoli = oxygen rich
If it’s in the blood = it’s not oxygen rich
HYPERCAPNIA:
Increase in CO2 – excess CO2
Patient is in Respiratory Acidosis
PATIENT HAS CANCER OF THE BRONCHI IN THE LUNG:
What causes the inflammation?
A tumor – whenever you have a tumor that is cancerous it causes
inflammation
LEUKEMIA:
Cancer of the blood
WBC & RBC are low
Depresses immune system
Prone to infection
PUT THEM ON ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
Private room
Limit visitors
Limit fresh fruit and flowers because they harbor bacteria
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY QUESTION
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT:
Congenital anomaly / disorder that affects the heart
Septal defects in the heart
Primary manifestation → CYANOSIS
CYANOSIS:
A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation of the blood
CAS Session with Diane
NR 283: Pathophysiology EXAM 2
Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders
Chapter 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders
Chapter 17: Digestive System Disorders
Chapter 18: Urinary System Disorders
WHAT POPULATION IS GREATLY AFFECTED BY SICKLE CELL?
African Americans - FEMALES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMIAS:
Hyperchromic Erythrocytes over production of RBC’s
Whenever you have an overproduction of cells – they are not maturing –
they aren’t able to fully function – with HYPERCHROMIC – its IRON
DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Doctor will prescribe an iron or ferrous sulfate
Very common in pregnancy
Stool will be black!
Take with Vitamin C – helps absorb the iron in the ferrous sulfate
PULMONARY ARTERY:
Blood that goes to the lungs is DEOXYGENATED
In the pulmonary artery the oxygen level is LOW
BLOOD IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY WILL HAVE A HIGH LEVEL
OR PCO2 will be HIGH – it’s going to pick up the oxygen in the alveoli
WHAT PROCESS DOES IT GO FROM AN AREA OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO LOW? DIFFUSION
KNOW TORCH:
, IN THE ALVEOLI - OXYGEN DIFFUSES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO LOW:
Oxygen in the alveoli is going to go to the blood
Before it gets to the blood – does it have high O2 or low O2?
THE BLOOD DOES NOT HAVE OXYGEN
The level of oxygen in the alveoli after the gas exchange (when you inhale)
is high so it goes from a high concentration to low concentration
If it’s in the alveoli = oxygen rich
If it’s in the blood = it’s not oxygen rich
HYPERCAPNIA:
Increase in CO2 – excess CO2
Patient is in Respiratory Acidosis
PATIENT HAS CANCER OF THE BRONCHI IN THE LUNG:
What causes the inflammation?
A tumor – whenever you have a tumor that is cancerous it causes
inflammation
LEUKEMIA:
Cancer of the blood
WBC & RBC are low
Depresses immune system
Prone to infection
PUT THEM ON ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
Private room
Limit visitors
Limit fresh fruit and flowers because they harbor bacteria
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY QUESTION
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT:
Congenital anomaly / disorder that affects the heart
Septal defects in the heart
Primary manifestation → CYANOSIS
CYANOSIS:
A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation of the blood
