EXAM 4 / FINAL EXAM
67. What characteristic is common to all individuals with cerebral palsy?
a. Some loss of cognitive function
b. One or more types of seizure
c. Serious multiple communication difficulties
d. Some degree of motor disability
ANS: D REF: 367
68. Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?
a. Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate
b
. A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons
c. A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system
d
. A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures
ANS: A REF: 366-367
90. The ataxic form of cerebral palsy results from damage to the:
a. cerebellum.
b. motor cortex.
c. basal nuclei.
d. pyramidal tracts.
ANS: A REF: 367
52. Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye’s syndrome?
,a. There is no permanent damage in the body.
b It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of
. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
c. Cerebral edema develops.
d
. Liver damage is common.
ANS: A REF: 354
73. Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
a. Remissions and exacerbations
b. Predictable pattern of progression in all patients
c. Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age
d. Full recovery of function during remissions
ANS: A REF: 371
74. Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?
a. Demyelination of axons
b. It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
c. It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers
d. Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves
ANS: D REF: 371
75. Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?
a. Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function
b. Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems
c. Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence
,d. Tremors, speech impairment, hearing loss
ANS: B REF: 371
76. Which of the following applies to Parkinson’s disease?
a. Usually develops in men and women over 60 years of age.
b. There is no apparent genetic component.
c. The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications.
d. It rarely develops in women.
ANS: A REF: 373
77. What is the pathophysiological change in Parkinson’s disease?
a. Degeneration of motor fibers in the pyramidal tracts
b
. Excess secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS
c. Degeneration of the basal nuclei with a deficit of dopamine
d Deficit of acetylcholine and degeneration of the motor cortex in the frontal
. lobe
ANS: C REF: 372-373
78. Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson’s
disease?
a. Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands
b. Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms
c. Visual deficits and speech impairment
d. Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait
ANS: A REF: 373
, 95. Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson’s
disease?
a. Difficulty chewing and swallowing
b. Urinary retention
c. Loss of vision
d. Orthostatic hypotension
ANS: C REF: 373
20. Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain
tumor?
a. Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.
b. Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.
c. Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.
d. Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures.
ANS: A REF: 345
54. The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:
a. presence of blood irritates the neurons.
b. otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure.
c. inflammatory response causes general hypoxia.
d. CNS is depressed.
ANS: A REF: 357
69. Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?
a. The localization of the seizure activity
b. The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres
67. What characteristic is common to all individuals with cerebral palsy?
a. Some loss of cognitive function
b. One or more types of seizure
c. Serious multiple communication difficulties
d. Some degree of motor disability
ANS: D REF: 367
68. Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?
a. Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate
b
. A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons
c. A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system
d
. A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures
ANS: A REF: 366-367
90. The ataxic form of cerebral palsy results from damage to the:
a. cerebellum.
b. motor cortex.
c. basal nuclei.
d. pyramidal tracts.
ANS: A REF: 367
52. Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye’s syndrome?
,a. There is no permanent damage in the body.
b It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of
. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
c. Cerebral edema develops.
d
. Liver damage is common.
ANS: A REF: 354
73. Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
a. Remissions and exacerbations
b. Predictable pattern of progression in all patients
c. Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age
d. Full recovery of function during remissions
ANS: A REF: 371
74. Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?
a. Demyelination of axons
b. It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
c. It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers
d. Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves
ANS: D REF: 371
75. Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?
a. Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function
b. Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems
c. Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence
,d. Tremors, speech impairment, hearing loss
ANS: B REF: 371
76. Which of the following applies to Parkinson’s disease?
a. Usually develops in men and women over 60 years of age.
b. There is no apparent genetic component.
c. The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications.
d. It rarely develops in women.
ANS: A REF: 373
77. What is the pathophysiological change in Parkinson’s disease?
a. Degeneration of motor fibers in the pyramidal tracts
b
. Excess secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS
c. Degeneration of the basal nuclei with a deficit of dopamine
d Deficit of acetylcholine and degeneration of the motor cortex in the frontal
. lobe
ANS: C REF: 372-373
78. Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson’s
disease?
a. Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands
b. Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms
c. Visual deficits and speech impairment
d. Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait
ANS: A REF: 373
, 95. Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson’s
disease?
a. Difficulty chewing and swallowing
b. Urinary retention
c. Loss of vision
d. Orthostatic hypotension
ANS: C REF: 373
20. Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain
tumor?
a. Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.
b. Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.
c. Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.
d. Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures.
ANS: A REF: 345
54. The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:
a. presence of blood irritates the neurons.
b. otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure.
c. inflammatory response causes general hypoxia.
d. CNS is depressed.
ANS: A REF: 357
69. Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?
a. The localization of the seizure activity
b. The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres
