NR 503 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE (VERSION 2)
Week 1
How does social justice and health inequities influence population
health care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision
of evidence-based care?
Population-based nursing is the provision of evidence-based care to
targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve
health, or stated otherwise, to improve health. In order to provide this
care providers must consider health inequities and social justice in
order to improve health care for all people. Population health is
typically interested in high risk aggregates(subpopulations) which
means looking at those health inequities and using social justice
theory to integrate health promotion and disease prevention
interventions for those high risk aggregates.
Review terminology
Week 2
1. Is screening a tertiary intervention? If yes, why, if not, what is it?
No. Screening are a secondary intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on
alleviating disability and are strategies done in middle or late stages of
diseases. An example of a tertiary intervention would be cardiac rehab or
physical therapy after a hip replacement
2. How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a
screening test? Where would a NP look to find a screening test? What
determines if a screening test should be used?
The target population needs to be identifiable and accessible and the disease
should affect a sufficient number of people. The screening test should be
sensitive enough to detect most cases and be specific enough to limit the
number of false positives. Screening tests should be relatively inexpensive,
easy to administer, and have minimal side effects. The validity of the
screening test is the ability to accurately identify those that have the disease.
, Determining if a screening test should be used can be evaluated by the
success of a screening tool. Does the screening tool do what it was intended
to do and reduce overall mortality, decrease case fatality, increase early
detection, reduce complications or increase quality of life?
APNs can look for screening test through the U.S Preventative Services
Task
3. Can you explain what “descriptive epidemiology” means? What is the
purpose? How is it used?
Concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and
disease within a population. Through the process of looking at rates,
incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival, and prognosis we have and
understanding of a disease and knowledge of how illnesses and diseases are
distributed, what populations are impacted, and how populations differ. Also
what interventions would be best for who.
4. How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related, how do they work
together to aid evidence-based care?
Descriptive epidemiology is used to determine causation. Applying strong
epidemiologic methods with a sound application and interpretation of
statistics are the foundation for evidence-based practice. Practitioners cannot
just collect data but also look at the theoretical issues associated with
explaining the relationships among variables.
5. What does “causation” mean? Can you relate causation to primary,
secondary and tertiary interventions?
Causation means the conditions that play an essential part in producing the
occurrence of a disease or identifying the cause of a disease both modifiable
and nonmodifiable in order to prevent the disease or its consequences.
Understanding the causation of a disease provides APNs with the knowledge
that is required to design programs or interventions that target populations at
risk, or developing primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions for specific
disease processes.
6. Are you able to discuss “surveillance” and its relationship to “causation”?
Week 1
How does social justice and health inequities influence population
health care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision
of evidence-based care?
Population-based nursing is the provision of evidence-based care to
targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve
health, or stated otherwise, to improve health. In order to provide this
care providers must consider health inequities and social justice in
order to improve health care for all people. Population health is
typically interested in high risk aggregates(subpopulations) which
means looking at those health inequities and using social justice
theory to integrate health promotion and disease prevention
interventions for those high risk aggregates.
Review terminology
Week 2
1. Is screening a tertiary intervention? If yes, why, if not, what is it?
No. Screening are a secondary intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on
alleviating disability and are strategies done in middle or late stages of
diseases. An example of a tertiary intervention would be cardiac rehab or
physical therapy after a hip replacement
2. How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a
screening test? Where would a NP look to find a screening test? What
determines if a screening test should be used?
The target population needs to be identifiable and accessible and the disease
should affect a sufficient number of people. The screening test should be
sensitive enough to detect most cases and be specific enough to limit the
number of false positives. Screening tests should be relatively inexpensive,
easy to administer, and have minimal side effects. The validity of the
screening test is the ability to accurately identify those that have the disease.
, Determining if a screening test should be used can be evaluated by the
success of a screening tool. Does the screening tool do what it was intended
to do and reduce overall mortality, decrease case fatality, increase early
detection, reduce complications or increase quality of life?
APNs can look for screening test through the U.S Preventative Services
Task
3. Can you explain what “descriptive epidemiology” means? What is the
purpose? How is it used?
Concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and
disease within a population. Through the process of looking at rates,
incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival, and prognosis we have and
understanding of a disease and knowledge of how illnesses and diseases are
distributed, what populations are impacted, and how populations differ. Also
what interventions would be best for who.
4. How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related, how do they work
together to aid evidence-based care?
Descriptive epidemiology is used to determine causation. Applying strong
epidemiologic methods with a sound application and interpretation of
statistics are the foundation for evidence-based practice. Practitioners cannot
just collect data but also look at the theoretical issues associated with
explaining the relationships among variables.
5. What does “causation” mean? Can you relate causation to primary,
secondary and tertiary interventions?
Causation means the conditions that play an essential part in producing the
occurrence of a disease or identifying the cause of a disease both modifiable
and nonmodifiable in order to prevent the disease or its consequences.
Understanding the causation of a disease provides APNs with the knowledge
that is required to design programs or interventions that target populations at
risk, or developing primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions for specific
disease processes.
6. Are you able to discuss “surveillance” and its relationship to “causation”?
