ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Hypertension:
Persistently elevated arterial pressure is called hypertension.
Threshold for Hypertension
(1) Systolic Pressure
Ranges from 140 to 200 mm Hg.
(2) Diastolic Pressure
Ranges from 90 to 110 mm Hg.
Classification of hypertensive drugs
DRUGS THAT ALTER SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1) Centrally Acting Sympathoplegic Drugs
Methyldopa, Clonidine, Guanabenz, Guanfacine.
(2) Ganglionic Blocking Drugs
Mecamylamine, Hexamethonium.
(3) Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Drugs
ANGIOTENSIN BLOCKERS
(1) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, Losartan,
Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan.
(2) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Benzapril, Captopril, Enalapril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril, Quinapril,
Ramipril, Trandolapril.
(3) Competitive Inhibitors of Angiotensin II
Saralasin
DIURETICS
(1) Thiazide Diuretics
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone.
(2) Loop Diuretics
Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid.
(3) K+ Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone, Amiloride.
(4) Nonthiazide Sulfonamide Diuretics
Indapamide.
Note: For detail on diuretics, see chapter 12.
DIRECT ACTING VASODILATORS
, Diazoxide, Fenoldopam, Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Na nitroprusside.
CENTRALLY ACTING SYMPATHOLYTICS
METHYLDOPA
Mechanism of Action
(1) Converted into -methylnorepinephrine which is stored in adrenergic nerve
granules, where it stoichiometrically replaces norepinephrine &, is released by nerve
stimulation to interact with
DRUGS THAT ALTER SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Reserpine, Guanadrel, Guanethidine, Bethanidine,
Debrisoquin.
(4) Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs
(a) - Receptor Blockers
Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Phenoxybenz- amine, Phentolamine.
(b) - Receptor Blockers
Atenolol, Acebutolol,
Carteolol, Carvedilol,
Nadolol, Penbutolol, Propranolol, Pindolol, Timolol.
(c) - & - Blockers Labetalol.
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
(1) Dihydropyridines
Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Nisoldipine, Amlodipine,
Felodipine, Isradipine.
(2) Miscellaneous
Diltiazem, Verapamil.
Betaxolol, Esmolol,
Bisoprolol, Meto
ANGIOTENSIN BLOCKERS
(1) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, Losartan,
Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan.
(2) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Benzapril, Captopril, Enalapril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril, Quinapril,
Ramipril, Trandolapril.
(3) Competitive Inhibitors of Angiotensin II
Saralasin
DIURETICS
(1) Thiazide Diuretics
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone.
(2) Loop Diuretics
Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid.
(3) K+ Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone, Amiloride.
(4) Nonthiazide Sulfonamide Diuretics
Hypertension:
Persistently elevated arterial pressure is called hypertension.
Threshold for Hypertension
(1) Systolic Pressure
Ranges from 140 to 200 mm Hg.
(2) Diastolic Pressure
Ranges from 90 to 110 mm Hg.
Classification of hypertensive drugs
DRUGS THAT ALTER SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1) Centrally Acting Sympathoplegic Drugs
Methyldopa, Clonidine, Guanabenz, Guanfacine.
(2) Ganglionic Blocking Drugs
Mecamylamine, Hexamethonium.
(3) Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Drugs
ANGIOTENSIN BLOCKERS
(1) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, Losartan,
Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan.
(2) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Benzapril, Captopril, Enalapril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril, Quinapril,
Ramipril, Trandolapril.
(3) Competitive Inhibitors of Angiotensin II
Saralasin
DIURETICS
(1) Thiazide Diuretics
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone.
(2) Loop Diuretics
Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid.
(3) K+ Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone, Amiloride.
(4) Nonthiazide Sulfonamide Diuretics
Indapamide.
Note: For detail on diuretics, see chapter 12.
DIRECT ACTING VASODILATORS
, Diazoxide, Fenoldopam, Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Na nitroprusside.
CENTRALLY ACTING SYMPATHOLYTICS
METHYLDOPA
Mechanism of Action
(1) Converted into -methylnorepinephrine which is stored in adrenergic nerve
granules, where it stoichiometrically replaces norepinephrine &, is released by nerve
stimulation to interact with
DRUGS THAT ALTER SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Reserpine, Guanadrel, Guanethidine, Bethanidine,
Debrisoquin.
(4) Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs
(a) - Receptor Blockers
Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Phenoxybenz- amine, Phentolamine.
(b) - Receptor Blockers
Atenolol, Acebutolol,
Carteolol, Carvedilol,
Nadolol, Penbutolol, Propranolol, Pindolol, Timolol.
(c) - & - Blockers Labetalol.
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
(1) Dihydropyridines
Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Nisoldipine, Amlodipine,
Felodipine, Isradipine.
(2) Miscellaneous
Diltiazem, Verapamil.
Betaxolol, Esmolol,
Bisoprolol, Meto
ANGIOTENSIN BLOCKERS
(1) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan, Losartan,
Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan.
(2) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Benzapril, Captopril, Enalapril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Moexipril, Perindopril, Quinapril,
Ramipril, Trandolapril.
(3) Competitive Inhibitors of Angiotensin II
Saralasin
DIURETICS
(1) Thiazide Diuretics
Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone.
(2) Loop Diuretics
Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid.
(3) K+ Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone, Amiloride.
(4) Nonthiazide Sulfonamide Diuretics
