NUR 641 FINAL EXAM ( LATEST UPDATE )

NUR 641 FINAL EXAM. 1) Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it A stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium B. Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys. C. transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose D. Breaks down the chemical components of potassium , causing it to be no longer effective 2) What is the central component of pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis? A. Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system(PNS) B. Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS C. Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS. D. Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance 3) Which of the following ICU sedatives should not be used for greater than 24 hours per the FDA-approved labeling? A. Midazolam (Versad) B. Diazepam (Valium) C. Dexamedetomidine (Precedex) D. Propofol (Diprivan) 4) What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? A. Coagulative B. Liquefactive C. Caseous D. Coagulative 5) In the absence of susceptibility data for an acute infection, the choice of an antimicrobial drug is mostly influenced by A. The site of infection and patient history B. The sensitivity report and colony count C. The source of infection and colour of exudate D. The host defense mechanism and the immune response 6) Which statement best describes Cystic fibrosis? A. Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper reactivity and inflammation. B. Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance and diffuse densities on chest X ray imaging. C. pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts and vas deferens. D. Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 7) What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border A. Eczema B. Psoriasis C. Atopic dermatitis D. Pityriasis rosea 8) Identify whether the description of the skin lesion matches the disorder where it was found (select True or False). Elevated ,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter: wart(verruca) or lichen planus. A.True B false 9) Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory A. Atrophy B . Metaplasia C. Hyperplasia D .Dysplasia 10) Identify whether the description matches the disorder (select True or False). Abnormal dilatation of the vein within the spermatic cord – Varicocele. TRUE or FALSE 10) The risk of which cancer is greater if the man has a history of cryptorchidism? A. Penile B. Testicular C. Prostrate D. Epididymal 12) Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure ? A. Iron B. Erythropoietin C. Cobalamin D. Folate 13) Diabetes insipidus as a result of : A. Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion B. Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion C. insulin hypo secretion D. insulin hyper secretion 14) Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by : A. reducing the amount of insulin by cells B. increasing the resistance to insulin by cells C. Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas C. stimulating the liver to increase glucose production. 15) Which statement best describes Raynaud’s disease? A. Inflammatory disorder of small and medium sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands. B. Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities C. Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and less commonly on the toes D. Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 16) What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate? A. Paronychia B. Onchomycosis C. Tinea corporis D. Tinea capitis 17) Which proton pump inhibitor should be avoided in a patient taking cliopidogrel? A. Omeprazole B. Lansoprazole C. Pantoprazole D. Rabeprazole 18) All of the following are important considerations when prescribing metronidazole except? A. Instruct patient to avoid alcohol intake during therapy B. Can lead to development of C- difficile infection C. Monitor INR closely due to DDI with warfarin D. Dose Adjustments should be made in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction 19) Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85 year old individual? A. Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort B. Dysuria, frequency and suprapubic pain C. Heamaturia and flank pain. D. Pyuria, Urgency and frequency 20) Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Aldosterone C. Cortisol D. Adrenocorticotropin hormone 21) All of the following are true regarding antiepileptics except : A. Carbamazepine and phenytoin have numerous drug-drug reactions B. They are safe to use during pregnancy C. Therapeutic drug monitoring is often required to ensure therapeutic drug levels D. Phenytoin is a highly protein bound drug 22) Alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation causes A. bronchial constriction B. Vascular constriction C. Constriction of intestinal smooth muscle D. Relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle 23) Losartan(cozaar) lowers the blood pressure by A. Blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels B. Directly dilating arterioles without affecting the veins C. Supressing the release of angiotensin- converting enzyme. D. Blocking angiotensin two at its receptors. 24) One major reason to discontinue Captopril(capoten) an ACE inhibitor is : A. Hyper tension B. Hypokalemia C. Angioedema D. Angina 25) Which of the following drugs works via antagonism of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors in the GI tract? A. Ondansetron B. Droperidol C. Prochlorperazine D. Aprepitant