HOW ARE MANAGERS DIFFERENT FROM NON-MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES?
Organizational members fit into two categories: non-managerial employees and managers.
® Non-managerial employees work directly on a job or task and have no oversight on the
responsibility of others.
® Managers direct the activities of other people in the organization. Customarily classified as top,
middle, or first line, they supervise both non-managerial employees and lower-level managers.
WHAT TITLES DO MANAGERS HAVE?
® Top managers are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and
establishing policies that affect all organizational members.
Top managers have titles including vice president, managing director, chief operating officer,
chancellor, etc.
® Middle managers represent levels of management between the first-line supervisor and top
management. They manage other managers and possibly some non-managerial employees. They
are responsible for translating the goals set by top management into specific details.
® First-line managers are usually called supervisors, shift managers, etc. They are responsible for
directing the day-to-day activities of non-managerial employees.
® Team Leaders are responsible for managing and facilitating activities of a work team. They
typically report to a first-line manager.
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
Management can be defined as the process of getting things done effectively and efficiently,
through and with other people.
® The term “process” in the definition represents the primary activities managers perform.
® Effectiveness and efficiency deal with what we are doing and how we are doing it.
Efficiency - doing the task right and refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.
Management is concerned about minimizing resource costs while achieving the desired
output.
Effectiveness - doing the right task, and in an organization that translates into goal
attainment.
® Efficiency and effectiveness are interrelated.
® It’s easier to be effective if one ignores efficiency.
® Good management is concerned with both, the attainment of goals (effectiveness) and efficiency
in the process.
® Organizations can be efficient and yet not be effective.
® High efficiency is associated more typically with high effectiveness.
® The manager’s job is mostly the same in both profit and not-for-profit organizations.
® All managers make decisions, set objectives, create workable organization structures, hire and
motivate employees, secure legitimacy for their organization’s existence, and develop internal
political support in order to implement programs. The two are far more alike than they are
different.
® Size of Organization.
Definition of small business and the part it plays in our society. There is no commonly agreed-
upon definition.
Small business - any independently owned and operated profit-seeking enterprise that has fewer
than 500 employees.
The role of managing a small business is different from that of managing a large one.
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Organizational members fit into two categories: non-managerial employees and managers.
® Non-managerial employees work directly on a job or task and have no oversight on the
responsibility of others.
® Managers direct the activities of other people in the organization. Customarily classified as top,
middle, or first line, they supervise both non-managerial employees and lower-level managers.
WHAT TITLES DO MANAGERS HAVE?
® Top managers are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and
establishing policies that affect all organizational members.
Top managers have titles including vice president, managing director, chief operating officer,
chancellor, etc.
® Middle managers represent levels of management between the first-line supervisor and top
management. They manage other managers and possibly some non-managerial employees. They
are responsible for translating the goals set by top management into specific details.
® First-line managers are usually called supervisors, shift managers, etc. They are responsible for
directing the day-to-day activities of non-managerial employees.
® Team Leaders are responsible for managing and facilitating activities of a work team. They
typically report to a first-line manager.
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
Management can be defined as the process of getting things done effectively and efficiently,
through and with other people.
® The term “process” in the definition represents the primary activities managers perform.
® Effectiveness and efficiency deal with what we are doing and how we are doing it.
Efficiency - doing the task right and refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.
Management is concerned about minimizing resource costs while achieving the desired
output.
Effectiveness - doing the right task, and in an organization that translates into goal
attainment.
® Efficiency and effectiveness are interrelated.
® It’s easier to be effective if one ignores efficiency.
® Good management is concerned with both, the attainment of goals (effectiveness) and efficiency
in the process.
® Organizations can be efficient and yet not be effective.
® High efficiency is associated more typically with high effectiveness.
® The manager’s job is mostly the same in both profit and not-for-profit organizations.
® All managers make decisions, set objectives, create workable organization structures, hire and
motivate employees, secure legitimacy for their organization’s existence, and develop internal
political support in order to implement programs. The two are far more alike than they are
different.
® Size of Organization.
Definition of small business and the part it plays in our society. There is no commonly agreed-
upon definition.
Small business - any independently owned and operated profit-seeking enterprise that has fewer
than 500 employees.
The role of managing a small business is different from that of managing a large one.
1-1
