Ana de Luca
DIARRHEA IN CHILDHOOD
aetiology
Before the morbidity and mortality from diarrhea in
childhood was very high, it was one of the main causes of - Bacterial.
death. Now improved because of: - viral.
• Policy to encourage breastfeeding → mother passes
- Parasitic: usually more chronic. Diffuse abdominal pain.
antibodies and breast milk is ready to be consumed,
does not need water to dilute, does not need bottle with
Viral
asepsis, ...
• Better sanitary conditions. Main cause of acute diarrheal diseases!
• Vaccination against rota-virus. Protected from the Rotavírus, Adenovírusentéricos, Astrovírus,
grave form. Calicivírus( Norovirus).
Fecal-oral contamination route. Rotavirus is still the most prevalent because the vaccine
Main transmission route: dirty hands. does not cover all groups of viruses and is a very
transmissible disease. Main question is whether there is
Diarrhea: change in intestinal habit related increased someone in school/family with the same clinical picture.
frequency and volume of bowel movements, with
decreased fecal consistency. What are you doing?
They lead to diharness by mechanism of invasion and
More than 3 episodes of liquid feces in 24 hours. lesion of the enterocito, leading to malabsorption of
disaccharides to varying degrees.
• Diarrisacute ia : diarrisia with duration equal to or
inferior to14 days. Most often the etiology is infectious Sugars will not be well absorbed and → osotic
(usually viral). Self-→ the body fights infectious concentration within the intestinal light → water → in
condition. large amounts.
Do not give sugar to the child at this stage, because it will
It needs to provide mechanisms to combat + health not be absorbed and will worsen the picture. On top of
prevention measures. that, in the large intestine, it alters the pH of the
feces by → sane → lead to roasting.
• Diarrispersistent ia : diarrisia protracted. It is theday Osotic diarrhea because it increases disaccharides in light.
rrisia that if perpetua alism of14 days, for ism lessthan
30 days. Rotavirus:
It is usually complication of acute infectious diarrhea. It is the biggest cause of diarrisacute ia in children < 2
Virus penetrated the sist. digestive and causes years.
inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the small
intestine → may developsecondarylactose intolerance. Incubation per iode:48-72 h.
• Diarrischronic ia : diarrisia lasting more than 30 days Transmission: fecal-oral.
and usually stems from problems of intestinal
malabsorption. It is excreted in the stool 2 to 3 days before and at is 2
weeks afterthe tisthermino of the clínica (symptoms).
Related to systemic diseases.
Clinic: vomiting, fever followed bydiarris l íquida and
• Dysenteria: elimination of bloody feces and mucus , voluminous.
variable volume, associated with tenesmus and urgency It produces gas, colic, gets tearful, irritated, explosive
to defecate. Clinically translates inflammation of cólon. fevers, nausea, vomiting, fever 2-3 days.
Sign of more invasive or obstructive disease. In bacterial conditions, on the other hand, the child
- Release of endotoxins that damage the enterocyte → to improves overthe days. If the fever persists and diarrhea
enter with antibiotics. begins to have blood → change look.
Diarrhea causes dehydration and malnutrition (does Lasts: 2-8 days.
not absorb nutrients).
Diagnóstico:
epidemiology • Elisa of fecal samples.
• Agglutination in theretex - less sensitive.
One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in
developing countries, especially among children < 6 Clinical diagnosis! It asks for examination only when
months and whoare not breastfeeding. child is toximediated, with dysenteria, ..
Mortality from dehydration and morbidity
frommalnutrition.
DIARRHEA IN CHILDHOOD
aetiology
Before the morbidity and mortality from diarrhea in
childhood was very high, it was one of the main causes of - Bacterial.
death. Now improved because of: - viral.
• Policy to encourage breastfeeding → mother passes
- Parasitic: usually more chronic. Diffuse abdominal pain.
antibodies and breast milk is ready to be consumed,
does not need water to dilute, does not need bottle with
Viral
asepsis, ...
• Better sanitary conditions. Main cause of acute diarrheal diseases!
• Vaccination against rota-virus. Protected from the Rotavírus, Adenovírusentéricos, Astrovírus,
grave form. Calicivírus( Norovirus).
Fecal-oral contamination route. Rotavirus is still the most prevalent because the vaccine
Main transmission route: dirty hands. does not cover all groups of viruses and is a very
transmissible disease. Main question is whether there is
Diarrhea: change in intestinal habit related increased someone in school/family with the same clinical picture.
frequency and volume of bowel movements, with
decreased fecal consistency. What are you doing?
They lead to diharness by mechanism of invasion and
More than 3 episodes of liquid feces in 24 hours. lesion of the enterocito, leading to malabsorption of
disaccharides to varying degrees.
• Diarrisacute ia : diarrisia with duration equal to or
inferior to14 days. Most often the etiology is infectious Sugars will not be well absorbed and → osotic
(usually viral). Self-→ the body fights infectious concentration within the intestinal light → water → in
condition. large amounts.
Do not give sugar to the child at this stage, because it will
It needs to provide mechanisms to combat + health not be absorbed and will worsen the picture. On top of
prevention measures. that, in the large intestine, it alters the pH of the
feces by → sane → lead to roasting.
• Diarrispersistent ia : diarrisia protracted. It is theday Osotic diarrhea because it increases disaccharides in light.
rrisia that if perpetua alism of14 days, for ism lessthan
30 days. Rotavirus:
It is usually complication of acute infectious diarrhea. It is the biggest cause of diarrisacute ia in children < 2
Virus penetrated the sist. digestive and causes years.
inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the small
intestine → may developsecondarylactose intolerance. Incubation per iode:48-72 h.
• Diarrischronic ia : diarrisia lasting more than 30 days Transmission: fecal-oral.
and usually stems from problems of intestinal
malabsorption. It is excreted in the stool 2 to 3 days before and at is 2
weeks afterthe tisthermino of the clínica (symptoms).
Related to systemic diseases.
Clinic: vomiting, fever followed bydiarris l íquida and
• Dysenteria: elimination of bloody feces and mucus , voluminous.
variable volume, associated with tenesmus and urgency It produces gas, colic, gets tearful, irritated, explosive
to defecate. Clinically translates inflammation of cólon. fevers, nausea, vomiting, fever 2-3 days.
Sign of more invasive or obstructive disease. In bacterial conditions, on the other hand, the child
- Release of endotoxins that damage the enterocyte → to improves overthe days. If the fever persists and diarrhea
enter with antibiotics. begins to have blood → change look.
Diarrhea causes dehydration and malnutrition (does Lasts: 2-8 days.
not absorb nutrients).
Diagnóstico:
epidemiology • Elisa of fecal samples.
• Agglutination in theretex - less sensitive.
One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in
developing countries, especially among children < 6 Clinical diagnosis! It asks for examination only when
months and whoare not breastfeeding. child is toximediated, with dysenteria, ..
Mortality from dehydration and morbidity
frommalnutrition.
