ATI Pharmacology Practice test A 2019 Focus Review / ATI Pharmacology Practice test A 2019 Focus Review, COMPLETE DOCUMENT FOR ATI EXAM|

ATI Pharmacology Practice test A 2019 Focus Review

Management of Care
 Safe Medication Administration and Error Reduction: Transcribing a Verbal Prescription
o Error-prone abbreviation list
 Do not use MGSO4, use magnesium sulfate
 Do not use decimal points without a leading zero (.5mg), use smaller units
(500 mcg) or a leading zero (0.5mg)
 Do not use a trailing zero (1.0 mg), use without a trailing zero (1 mg)

Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
 Dosage Calculation: Antibiotic Administration Dosage by Weight
o EX: a nurse is preparing to administer cefixime 8 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every
12 hours to a toddler who weighs 22 lb. Available is cefixime suspension 100mg/5mL.
How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (round the answer to the
nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero).
 Change 22 lbs into kg
 2.2/22 lbs. = 10 kg
 So, 8 mg/kg/day x 10 kg
 80 mg/day
 So, every 12 hours is 2 times for the dose
 80/2= 40 mg
 Then 40*5=200
 200/100= 2 mL which is the answer
o Dosages by weight
 Make sure you change lbs. into kg
 Then calculate the kg to the dosage (mg, g, mcg)
 Then check the dosage of what is available to give and do your calculations
 Medications affecting Coagulation: adverse Effects of Heparin
o Hemorrhage secondary to heparin toxicity or other factors
 Hemorrhage can occur if mediation administration leads to high activated
partial thromboplastin time. Other risk factors include client history of bleeding
disorder or taking antiplatelet medications concurrently
 Monitor vital signs
 Advise clients to observe for bleeding, increased heart rate,
decreased blood pressure, bruising, petechiae, hematomas, black
tarry stools
 Monitor activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Keep value at 1.5
to 2 times the baseline.
 If hemorrhage occurs, stop heparin administration. Check for toxicity
and follow treatment protocols and discontinue other medications
that affect coagulation as indicated.

,  Substance use disorders: smoking cessation using Bupropion
o Headache, dry mouth, GI distress, constipation, increased heart rate,
hypertension, restlessness, and insomnia
 Treatment of depression
 Alternative to SSRIs and SNRIs for clients unable to tolerate sexual
dysfunction adverse effects of these antidepressants
 Aid for smoking cessation
 Prevention of seasonal pattern depression
 Alternative treatment choice for attention-deficit disorder
 Urinary Tract Infections: contraindications to Ciprofloxacin
o Achilles tendon rupture
 Observe for and report pain, swelling, and redness at the Achilles tendon site
 Stop taking ciprofloxacin and avoid exercise until the inflammation subsides
 Tell clients to take the medication with food (with the exception of
dairy products) if GI discomfort occurs
 Medications affecting the reproductive tract: accessing for medication interactions
o Oral contraceptive effectiveness decreases with use of carbamazepine and
phenobarbital. Some sources suggest that antibiotics can decrease the effectiveness
of oral contraceptives
 For clients using hormonal contraceptives to prevent pregnancy, suggest using a
secondary method of birth control while taking these medication or antibiotic
therapy
 Oral contraceptives decrease the effects of warfarin and oral hypoglycemics,
monitor INR, PT, and glucose levels, and adjust dosages accordingly
 Oral contraceptives can increase the effects of theophylline and
imipramine, monitor for indications of toxicity
 Chronic Neurologic Disorders: Adverse Effects of Neostigmine
o Excessive muscarinic stimulation
 As evidenced by increased GI motility, increased GI secretions,
diaphoresis, increased salivation, bradycardia, and urinary urgency
 Advise the client of potential adverse effects. If effects become intolerable,
instruct the client to notify the provider. Treat severe adverse effects with
atropine
 Cholinergic crisis
 Excessive muscarinic stimulation and respiratory depression
from neuromuscular blockade
 Paralysis of the respiratory muscles is a possibility and can be fatal
 Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Medications: Teaching about Oxybutynin
o Constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, dry eyes, tachycardia, anhidrosis
o Increase dietary fiber, consume 2 to 3 L/day fluid from beverage and food sources,
sip fluids, and avoid driving or other hazardous activities if vision is impaired
o CNS effects : hallucinations, confusion, insomnia, nervousness
 Bipolar Disorders: Monitoring for Medication Interactions for Lithium
o NSAIDS (ibuprofen and celecoxib)